Im NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM 180 REPORT CATHODIC PROTECTION FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS LABORATORY PHASE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 1977 Officers ROBERT N. HUNTER, Chairman SCHEFFER LANG, Vice Chairman W. N. CAREY, JR., Executive Director Executive Committee HENRIK E. STAFSETH, Executive Director, American Assn. of State Highway and Transportation Officials (cx officio) WILLIAM M. COX, Federal Highway Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation (cx officio) RICHARD S. PAGE, Urban Mass Transportation Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation (cx officio) JOHN M. SULLIVAN, Federal Railroad Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation (cx officio) HARVEY BROOKS, Chairman, Commission on Socio technical Systems, National Research Council (cx officio) MILTON PIKARSKY, Chairman of the Board, Chicago Regional Transportation Authority (cx officio, Past Chairman 1975) HAROLD L. MICHAEL, School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University (cx officio, Past Chairman 1976) WARREN E. ALBERTS, Vice President (Systems Operations Services), United Airlines GEORGE H. ANDREWS, Vice President (Transportation Marketing), Sverdrup and Parcel GRANT BASTIAN, State Highway Engineer, Nevada Department of Highways KURT W. BAUER, Executive Director, Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission MANUEL CARBALLO, Lecturer in Public Management, Harvard University L. DEBERRY, Engineer-Director, Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation LOUIS I. GAMBACCINI, Vice President and General Manager, Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation HOWARD L. GAUTHIER, Professor of Geography, Ohio State University FRANK C. HERRINGER, General Manager, San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District ARTHUR J. HOLLAND, Mayor, City of Trenton, N.J. ANNE R. HULL, Speaker Pro Tem, Maryland House of Delegates ROBERT N. HUNTER, Chief Engineer, Missouri State Highway Department PETER G. KOLTNOW, President, Highway Users Federation for Safety and Mobility THOMAS J. LAMPHIER, President, Transportation Division, Burlington Northern, Inc. A. SCHEFFER LANG, Assistant to the President, Association of American Railroads DANIEL McFADDEN, Professor of Economics, University of California ROBERTS. MICHAEL, Director of Aviation, City and County of Denver, Colorado THOMAS D. MORELAND, Commissioner, Georgia Department of Transportation GEORGE E. PAKE, Vice President, Xerox Corp.; Manager Xerox Palo Alto Research Center DOUGLAS N. SCHNEIDER, JR., Director, District of Columbia Department of Transportation WILLIAM K. SMITH, Vice President (Transportation), General Mills JOHN P. WOODWARD, Director, Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Transportation Research Board Executive Committee Subcommittee for the NCHRP ROBERT N. HUNTER, Missouri State Highway Department (Chairman) A. SCHEFFER LANG, Association of American Railroads HENRIK E. STAFSETH, Amer. Assn. of State Hwy. and Transp. Officials WILLIAM M. COX, U.S. Department of Transportation HARVEY BROOKS, National Research Council HAROLD L. MICHAEL, Purdue University W. N. CAREY, JR., Transportation Research Board General Field of Design Area of Bridges Project Panel C12-13 CARL F. STEWART, California Dept. of Transp. (Chairman) W. M. STINGLEY, Consultant ISRAEL CORNET, University of California, Berkeley R. F. STRATFULL, California Dept. of Transportation WILLIAM J. ELLIS, Corrosion Engineering and Research Co. KENNETH C. CLEAR, Federal Highway Administration 0. J. LANE, JR., Iowa Department of Transportation W. G. GUNDERMAN, Transportation Research Board LEONARD PEPPER, USAE Waterways Experiment Station L. F. SPAINE, Transportation Research Board EVERETT STEVENS, Maine Department of Transportation Program Staff KRIEGER W. HENDERSON, JR., Program Director HARRY A. SMITH, Projects Engineer DAVID K. WITHEFORD, Assistant Program Director ROBERT E. SPICHER, Projects Engineer LOUIS M. MAcGREGOR, Administrative Engineer HERBERT P. ORLAND, Editor R. IAN KINGHAM, Projects Engineer HELEN MACK, Associate Editor ROBERT I. REILLY, Projects Engineer EDYTHE T. CRUMP, Assistant Editor NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM REPORT 1 80 CATHODIC PROTECTiON FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS LABORATORY PHASE JOHN S. VRABLE USS ENGINEERS AND CONSULTANTS, INC. PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA RESEARCH SPONSORED BY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS IN COOPERATION WITH THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION AREAS OF INTEREST: BRIDGE DESIGN CONSTRUCTION GENERAL MATERIALS MAINTENANCE, GENERAL TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL WASHINGTON, D.C. 1977 NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM NCHRP Report 180 Systematic, well-designed research provides the most ef- Project 12-13 FY '73 fective approach to the solution of many problems facing ISBN 0-309-02754-3 highway administrators and engineers. Often, highway L. C. Catalog Card No. 77-95286 problems are of local interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually or in cooperation with Price: $7.00 their state universities and others. However, the accelerat- ing growth of highway transportation develops increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators Notice of the American Association of State Highway and Trans- The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the portation Officials initiated in 1962 an objective national National Cooperative Highway Research Program conducted by the highway research program employing modern scientific Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing techniques. This program is supported on a continuing Board of the National Research Council, acting in behalf of the National Academy of Sciences. Such approval reflects the Governing basis by funds from participating member states of the Board's judgment that the program concerned is of national impor- Association and it receives the full cooperation and support tance and appropriate with respect to both the purposes and re- sources of the National Research Council. of the Federal Highway Administration, United States The members of the technical committee selected to monitor this Department of Transportation. project and to review this report were chosen for recognized The Transportation Research Board of the National Re- scholarly competence and with due consideration for the balance of disciplines appropriate to the project. The opinions and con- search Council was requested by the Association to admin- clusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency that ister the research program because of the Board's recog- performed the research, and, while they have been accepted as appropriate by the technical committee, they are not necessarily those nized objectivity and understanding of modern research of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Coun- practices. The Board is uniquely suited for this purpose cil, the National Academy of Sciences, or the program sponsors. as: it maintains an extensive committee structure from Each report is reviewed and processed according to procedures established and monitored by the Report Review Committee of the which authorities on any highway transportation subject National Academy of Sciences. Distribution of the report is ap- may be drawn; it possesses avenues of communications and proved by the President of the Academy upon satisfactory comple- cooperation with federal, state, and local governmental Lion of the revicw process. The National Research Council is the principal operating agency of agencies, universities, and industry; its relationship to its the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of parent organization, the National Academy of Sciences, a Engineering, serving government and other organizations. The private, nonprofit institution, is an insurance of objectivity; Transportation Research Board evolved from the 54-year-old High- way Research Board. The TRB incorporates all former l-IRB it maintains a full-time research correlation staff of special- activities but also performs additional functions under a broader ists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings scope involving all modes of transportation and the interactions of of research directly to those who are in a position to use transportation with society. them. The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified by chief administrators of the highway and trans- portation departments and by committees of AASHTO. Each year, specific areas of research needs to be included in the program are proposed to the Academy and the Board by the American Association of State Highway and Trans- portation Officials. Research projects to fulfill these needs are defined by the Board, and qualified research agencies are selected from those that have submitted proposals. Ad- ministration and surveillance of research contracts are Published reports of the responsibilities of the Academy and its Transportation NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Research Board. The needs for highway research are many, and the National are available from: Cooperative Highway Research Program can make signifi- Transportation Research Board cant contributions to the solution of highway transportation National Academy of Sciences problems