Page 1 of 64 THE ROTARY WANKEL ENGINE, AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE RECIPROCATING ENGINE A DEGREE PROJECT PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES BY HENRY ORTIZ ARDILA ID: 199723037 PROJECT ASSISTANT PROFESSOR RAFAEL BELTRÁN PULIDO UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES, BOGOTA, COLOMBIA DECEMBER 2003 Universidad de los Andes Facultad de Ingeniería Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica Page 2 of 64 Table of contents 1. INTRODUCTION __________________________________________________ 5 2. THE ROTARY WANKEL ENGINE ___________________________________ 6 2.1. Overview___________________________________________________________ 6 2.1.1. History of an invention ____________________________________________________ 7 2.2. The Rotary Wankel combustion engine, is an Otto cycle engine _______ 12 2.2.1. BASIC STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONING ______________________________ 13 2.2.2. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION, FEATURES __________________________________ 16 2.2.3 NSU-WANKEL ROTARY ENGINE GEOMETRY AND DESIGN _______________ 19 3. NSU –WANKEL 49PI O.S 0.3 ENGINE _______________________________ 32 3.1. NSU –WANKEL 49Pi EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS_________________ 32 3.2. UNCERTAINTY CHAPTER__________________________________________________ 34 3.2.1. PRECISION UNCERTAINTY_______________________________________________ 35 3.2.2. BIAS UNCERTAINTY _____________________________________________________ 36 3.2.3. PROPAGATION OF UNCERTAINTY________________________________________ 36 3.3. O.S NSU-WANKEL ROTARY ENGINE 49PI FEATURES __________________ 37 3.4. EXPERIMENTAL DATA _______________________________________________ 39 3.4.1. SEGMENT VOLUME______________________________________________________ 40 3.4.2. ECCENTRICITY RATIO ___________________________________________________ 41 3.4.3. COMPRESSION RATIO ___________________________________________________ 41 3.4.4. DISPLACEMENT _________________________________________________________ 42 3.4.5. POWER AND PERIPHERAL SPEED VALUES _______________________________ 42 3.4.6. ACCELERATION OF ROTOR VERTEX _____________________________________ 44 3.4.7. OTTO CYCLE ANALYSIS _________________________________________________ 45 4. NITROMETHANE __________________________________________________ 49 4.1. FUEL PROPORTIONS_________________________________________________ 49 4.2. DANGERS ___________________________________________________________ 51 4.3. COMBUSTION________________________________________________________ 51 4.4. GENERAL ASPECTS IN GLOW PLUG ENGINES_________________________ 53 4.5. MIXTURE PROPERTIES_______________________________________________ 55 5. EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND TESTS_________________________________ 57 5.1. TORQUE EFFECTS IN PISTON AND TURBOPROP ENGINES _____________ 57 Universidad de los Andes Facultad de Ingeniería Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica Page 3 of 64 5.2. PERFORMANCE TEST OF THE 49PI NSU WANKEL ENGINE _____________ 60 6. FINAL COMMENTS ________________________________________________ 61 7. REFERENCES ___________________________________________________ 62 List of Figures Fig. 1 ______________________________________________________________________________ 13 Fig. 2 ______________________________________________________________________________ 14 Fig. 3 ______________________________________________________________________________ 15 Fig. 4 ______________________________________________________________________________ 17 Fig. 5 ______________________________________________________________________________ 18 Fig. 6 ______________________________________________________________________________ 20 Fig. 7 ______________________________________________________________________________ 22 Fig. 8 ______________________________________________________________________________ 23 Fig. 9 ______________________________________________________________________________ 26 Fig. 10 _____________________________________________________________________________ 28 Fig. 11 _____________________________________________________________________________ 45 Fig. 12 _____________________________________________________________________________ 58 Fig. 13 _____________________________________________________________________________ 58 Fig. 14 _____________________________________________________________________________ 59 List of Tables Table. 1 ____________________________________________________________________________ 32 Table. 2 ____________________________________________________________________________ 39 Table. 3 ____________________________________________________________________________ 49 Table. 4 ____________________________________________________________________________ 55 Table. 5 ____________________________________________________________________________ 56 List of Equations Equ. 1 _____________________________________________________________________________ 12 Equ. 2 _____________________________________________________________________________ 12 Equ. 3 _____________________________________________________________________________ 19 Equ. 4 _____________________________________________________________________________ 21 Equ. 5 _____________________________________________________________________________ 22 Equ. 6 _____________________________________________________________________________ 23 Equ. 7 _____________________________________________________________________________ 23 Equ. 8 _____________________________________________________________________________ 24 Equ. 9 _____________________________________________________________________________ 24 Equ. 10 ____________________________________________________________________________ 24 Equ. 11 ____________________________________________________________________________ 24 Equ. 12 ____________________________________________________________________________ 25 Universidad de los Andes Facultad de Ingeniería Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica Page 4 of 64 Equ. 13 ____________________________________________________________________________ 26 Equ. 14 ____________________________________________________________________________ 26 Equ. 15 ____________________________________________________________________________ 26 Equ. 16 ____________________________________________________________________________ 26 Equ. 17 ____________________________________________________________________________ 27 Equ. 18 ____________________________________________________________________________ 27 Equ. 19 ____________________________________________________________________________ 28 Equ. 20 ____________________________________________________________________________ 28 Equ. 21 ____________________________________________________________________________ 29 Equ. 22 ____________________________________________________________________________ 29 Equ. 23 ____________________________________________________________________________ 29 Equ. 24 ____________________________________________________________________________ 29 Equ. 25 ____________________________________________________________________________ 30 Equ. 26 ____________________________________________________________________________ 30 Equ. 27 ____________________________________________________________________________ 30 Equ. 28 Equ. 29 ___________________________________________________________________ 30 Equ. 30 ____________________________________________________________________________ 32 Equ. 31 ____________________________________________________________________________ 34 Equ. 32 ____________________________________________________________________________ 34 Equ. 33 ____________________________________________________________________________ 34 Equ. 34 ____________________________________________________________________________ 34 Equ. 35 ____________________________________________________________________________ 35 Equ. 36 ____________________________________________________________________________ 35 Equ. 37 ____________________________________________________________________________ 35 Equ. 38 ____________________________________________________________________________ 35 Equ. 39 ____________________________________________________________________________ 36 Equ. 40 ____________________________________________________________________________ 37 Equ. 41 ____________________________________________________________________________ 39 Equ. 42 ____________________________________________________________________________ 39 Equ. 43 ____________________________________________________________________________ 40 Equ. 44 ____________________________________________________________________________ 40 Equ. 45 ____________________________________________________________________________ 42 Equ. 46 ____________________________________________________________________________ 42 Equ. 47 ____________________________________________________________________________ 43 Equ. 48 ____________________________________________________________________________ 46 Equ. 49 ____________________________________________________________________________ 46 Equ. 50 ____________________________________________________________________________ 46 Equ. 51 ____________________________________________________________________________ 47 Equ. 52 ____________________________________________________________________________ 47 Equ. 53 ____________________________________________________________________________ 47 Equ. 54 ____________________________________________________________________________ 47 Equ. 55 ____________________________________________________________________________