207 Original Original 8. Hansen TB, Dalsgaard J, Meldgaard A, Larsen K. A prospective 21. Katz JN, Amick BC 3rd, Keller R, Fossel AH, Ossman J, Soucie A Brief History of Sir Hugh Cairns and His Helmet Creation study of prognostic factors for duration of sick leave after endoscopic V, et al. Determinants of work absence following surgery for carpal Breve História sobre Sir Hugh Cairns e Sua Criação do Capacete carpal tunnel release. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2009 Nov tunnel syndrome. Am J Ind Med. 2005 Feb;47(2):120-30. doi: 22;10:144. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-10-144. 10.1002/ajim.20127. Lara Mariana Rosa1 9. Acharya AD, Auchincloss JM. Return to functional hand use 22. Amick BC 3rd, Habeck RV, Ossmann J, Fossel AH, Keller R, Carlos Umberto Pereira2 and work following open carpal tunnel surgery. J Hand Surg Br. Katz JN. Predictors of successful work role functioning after carpal 1,3 2005;30(6):607-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsb.2005.06.018. tunnel release surgery. J Occup Environ Med. 2004;46(5):490-500. Nicollas Nunes Rabelo doi: 10.1097/01.jom.0000126029.07223.a0. 10. Acioly MA, Maior PS, Telles C, de Aguiar GB. Bilateral mini- open decompression in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome 23. de Moraes VY, Godin K, Dos Santos JB, Faloppa F, Bhandari ABSTRACT caused by persistent median artery: case report. J Neurol Surg A M, Belloti JC. Influence of compensation status on time off work Introduction: Sir Hugh Cairns was an Austrian physician who contributed much to neurology and neurosurgical practices. He created Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2013 Dec;74 Suppl 1:e124-7. doi: 10.1055/s- after carpal tunnel release and rotator cuff surgery: a meta-analysis. the anti-impact helmet for motorcyclists, which led to a significant reduction in mortality due to head injury. Besides, he performed 0032-1328959. Patient Saf Surg. 2013 Jan 2;7(1):1. doi: 10.1186/1754-9493-7-1. tests and antibiotic treatments on neurological infections. He has made many publications on neurosurgical techniques that are used to 11. Bowen GA. Naturalistic inquiry and the saturation 24. Parot-Schinkel E, Roquelaure Y, Ha C, Leclerc A, Chastang this day. Method: This article discusses his biography and its several discoveries and contribution to medicine and society.Conclusion: concept: A research note. Qual Res 2008;8(1):137–52. doi: JF, Raimbeau G, et al. Factors affecting return to work after carpal Hugh Cairns was the inventor of the anti-impact helmet responsible for reducing head injuries from motorcycle accidents. He was a 10.1177/1468794107085301. tunnel syndrome surgery in a large French cohort. Arch Phys Med founder of the neurosurgery specialty at Oxford University. His surgical techniques and studies are widely used in surgical and student Rehabil. 2011;92(11):1863-9. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.06.001. practices nowadays. 12. Smith JA, Osborn M. Interpretative phenomenological analysis as a useful methodology for research on the lived experience of pain. 25. Peters S, Page M, Coppieters M, Ross M, Johnston V. Br J Pain. 2015;9(1):41-2. doi: 10.1177/2049463714541642. Rehabilitation following carpal tunnel release (Review). Cochrane Keywords: Hugh Cairns; Helmet; Biography; Neurosurgery; Historical review; British Neurosurgery Database Syst Rev 2016;(2):1-183. doi: 10.1002/14651858. 13. Brislin RW. Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural CD004158.pub3. Disponível em: https://research-repository.griffith. RESUMO Research. J cross cultural psychol. 1970;1:185–216. doi: edu.au/bitstream/handle/10072/339730/PetersPUB2682. Sir Hugh Cairns foi um médico austríaco que contribuiu muito para a neurologia e práticas neurocirúrgicas. Foi responsável 10.1177/135910457000100301. Introdução: pela criação do capacete anti-impacto para motociclistas, o que levou à significativa redução da mortalidade por traumatismo 14. Martin H. Patients’ health beliefs and adaptation to carpal tunnel craniano. Além disso, executou testes e tratamentos antibióticos em infecções neurológicas. Realizou muitas publicações sobre técnicas syndrome based on duration of symptomatic presentation. J Hand neurocirúrgicas que são utilizadas até os dias atuais. Método: Este artigo discorre sobre sua biografia e suas respectivas descobertas Ther. 2007;20(1):29-35; quiz 36. doi: 10.1197/j.jht.2006.10.002. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR e contribuição à medicina e sociedade. Conclusão: Hugh Cairns foi o inventor do capacete anti-impacto responsável pela redução de ferimentos craniais em acidentes motociclísticos. Além disso, foi fundador da especialidade de neurocirurgia da Universidade 15. Jerosch-Herold C, Mason R, Chojnowski AJ. A qualitative study of the experiences and expectations of surgery in patients de Oxford. Suas técnicas cirúrgicas e seus estudos, atualmente, são amplamente utilizados nas práticas cirúrgicas e estudantis. with carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Ther. 2008;21(1):54-61. doi: Raissa Mansilla Cabrera Rodrigues, MD 10.1197/j.jht.2007.09.001. Palavras-chave: Hugh Cairns; Capacete; Biografia; Neurocirurgia; Revisão histórica; Neurocirurgião britânico Serviço de Neurocirurgia 16. Katz JN, Keller RB, Fossel AH, Punnett L, Bessette L, Simmons Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro BP, et al. Predictors of return to work following carpal tunnel release. Am J Ind Med. 1997;31(1):85-91. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097- Niterói-RJ, Brasil 0274(199701)31:1<85::aid-ajim13>3.0.co;2-3. E-mail: [email protected] 17. Chaise F, Bellemère P, Fril JP, Gaisne E, Poirier P, Menadi A. Return-to-work interval and surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome. Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to Results of a prospective series of 233 patients. J Hand Surg Br. declare. 2004;29(6):568-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsb.2004.05.005. 18. Carmona L, Faucett J, Blanc PD, Yelin E. Predictors of rate of Ethics: The study was approved by the local Research Ethics return to work after surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome. Arthritis Care Res. 1998;11(4):298-305. doi: 10.1002/art.1790110411. Committee (CAAE 63075016.6.0000.5243/2016). 19. De Kesel R, Donceel P, De Smet L. Factors influencing return to work after surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome. Occup Med (Lond). 2008;58(3):187-90. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqn034. 20. Butterfield PG, Spencer PS, Redmond N, Rosenbaum R, Zirkle 1 Neurosurgery Department, UniAtenas University Center Medical School; Paracatu, MG, Brazil DF. Clinical and employment outcomes of carpal tunnel syndrome 2 Department of Neurosurgery of FBHC and Neurosurgery Service, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil in oregon workers’ compensation recipients. J Occup Rehabil 3 Neurosurgeon and Professor, UniAtenas University Center Medical School, Paracatu, MG, Brazil 1997;7(2):61–73. Doi: 10.1007/BF02765877. Received: Jul 10, 2019 Accepted: Jan 14, 2020 Mansilla R, Acioly MA, Romão TT, AMangolin A, Silva JSS, Landeiro JA - Patient’s Perceptions of J Bras Neurocirur 30 (3): 197-206, 2019 Rosa LM, Pereira CU, Rabelo NN - A Brief History of Sir Hugh Cairns and His Helmet Creation J Bras Neurocirur 30 (3): 105-111, 2019 Carpal Tunnel Surgery 208 Original In London, neurology professionals were interested in BRIEF HISTORY knowing and addressing Cushing’s principles on their patients, and Cairns already had a great deal of interest in neurology and was nominated by Lady Osler to Cushing on one of his visits Hugh William Bell Cairns (Figure 1) was born in South to England. With that, Cairns won the Rockefeller Traveling Australia on July 26, 1896, and died on July 18, 1952. He Fellowship for a year as an assistant to Dr. Harvey Cushing at was the only son of a couple, an Australian mother and a the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, in 19263. Scottish father. At the University of Adelaide, he began his medical studies at the age of fifteen, which were discontinued In 1927, Cairns returned to London as one of the city’s first one year before his graduation to join the Australian Army neurosurgeons to master modern techniques. He learned how Medical Corps (AAMC) during World War I. In 1916, he to examine the neurological system in detail, to evaluate visual returned to conclude his studies and received the South fields, to interpret radiographs and ventriculograms of the Australian Rhodes Scholarship to study medicine at the skull, and to perform operations for intracranial tumors, as Oxford University. In 1917, he was declared captain of the well as principles of Cushing’s surgical practice, which Cairns AAMC and sent to the Middle East and France until the end has adopted and has always used. In that same year, Cairns of World War I. In 1919, he entered Balliol College, Oxford, was recognized as associate member of the Society of British where he studied physiology and was taught by Sir Charles Neurological Surgeons3. Sherrington. Hugh Cairns conquered a position at the Radcliffe Infirmary, where he remained for one year, working In February 1928, he performed 15 operations on the brain as an anatomy demonstrator, and it was there that he met Sir and spinal cord, and only one-third of the patients died, William Osler (1849-1919). Osler introduced Cairns to the this fact earned him financial support from the Rockefeller renowned American neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing in 1922. Foundation to invest in surgical equipment and to subsidize Later, in June 1926, he took over the position of First Assistant assistants and trainees in Neurosurgery 2,3. in the surgical unit of the London Hospital and worked with Sir Henry Souttar1-4. At first, the ideas and techniques of Cairns were not accepted and adhered to by London professionals. It was only in 1933 that the London Medical Society became convinced of his principles, and he became the first full-time British neurosurgeon to be responsible for the Department of Neurosurgery at the London Hospital.