International Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology Research (ISSN: 2408-7262) Vol. 4(1) pp. 7-18, January, 2016 Available online http://www.internationalinventjournals.org/journals/IJESTR Copyright ©2016 International Invention Journals Full Length Research Paper The Genus Licuala Wurmb (Arecaceae) in Kalimantan Indonesian Jati Batoro 1*, Edi Guhardja 2, Yohanis Palar Mogea 3 1Departement of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang 65145 2Departement of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor 16680 3Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Centre for Biology, LIPI, Bogor, Indonesia Abstract Revision of Genus Licuala from Kalimantan, Indonesian was conducted based on morphological observasion of 186 specimens in the Herbarium Bogoriensis Bogor (BO) and Herbarium Wanariset East Kalimantan. The present study shows that there are fifteen species that can be recognized, consisting of one new species namemely Licuala beruensis, three known varieties, Licuala petiolulata var. kanepajensis, Licuala petiolulata var. petiolulata, Licuala matanensis var. paucisecta and thirteen know species namely: Licuala arbuscula, Licuala bintulensis, Licuala borneensis, Licuala halleriana, Licuala lanata, Licuala mattanensis, Licuala olivera, Licuala paludosa, licuala reptans, Licuala spinosa, Licuala triphyla and Licuala valida. Keywords: Revision, Genus Licuala, Kalimantan. INTRODUCTION Licuala is one of a small genus belonging to the decoration and vegetable by local people (Beccari, 1931; subfamily Coryphoideae and family Arecaceae Whitmore, 1973; Saw, 1997). (Palmae). The genus concist of about 130 species Licuala present serious problems to the distributed from Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands and monographer because it display’s great morphological Quessland, westward through the Islands of Indonesia, variation, and in some region is astonishingly varied. It is New Quinea, Borneo (Kalimantan, Serawak), the considered essential to study the Kalimantan genus Philippines, the Malay Peninsula, Thailand, Cambodia, Licuala, especially if it has taxonomical problems to be Laos, Vietnam, South China, Myanmar, Bangladesh, solved. Nort-East India and Andaman Islands (Uhl and Dranfield, 1987). Kalimantan (Indonesian) consist of four Provinces involved: West Kalimantan, Central MATERIALS AND METHODS Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan. The Malay Peninsula, Borneo and New Guinea are the The study is based on the examination of the herbarium regions of richness in genus Licuala. material from Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), fresh material Vernacular names of genus Licuala are called as from Bogor Botanical Garden and the Herbarium palas (Indonesian, Malay Peninsula), silad (Sabah), material from Wanariset, forest Wanariset East gerenis (Serawak), balatbad (Philippines), salu Kalimantan. From the collection studied by the author, (Myanmar), kapho (Thailand) and luji (Vietnam) details and descriptions from dried material, except for (Whitmore, 1973; Uhl and Dranfield, 1987; Saw 1997). floral and fruit sizes, which were based on dehydrated Some species of this genus were used as ornaments, (boiled in water) material. Terminologies follows Lawrence (1964), Stearn (1966), Radford (1986), Tomlinson (1961), Vogel (1987), Ulh and Dransfield (and Keng (1989). Methods follow by by Rifai (1978), Radford (1986) and Vogel (1987). *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] 8 Int. J. Environ. Sci. Toxic. Res. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION photocopy. Borneo, Serawak, Mt.Poe. Solitary small and slender, hermaphrodite; stem to 1 Key to the Kalimantan species of Licuala m tall, 1.5-0.5 cm wide, internodus, 0.4-0.5 cm long dark 1. a. Middle segment divided into two lobes..............2 brown. Leaves 13-17 in crown, sheath disintegrating into b. Middle segment entired............................................3 fine reticulate fibres; ligula triangular apex acute; petiole, 2. a. Plant solitary, acaulescent, stem very short, less 50-102 cm long, 2-5 mm wide near base, 2-3 mm base, than 10 cm, rachilla fracti-flexuous (zig-zag)……..11. L. 2-3 mm towards apex drying reddish brown; spines reptans irregularly spaced and sized patent to reflexed, subulate b. Plant clustered, shrub, stem more 2 m long, rachilla no more than 6 mm long, aproximately lower third of straight........................................................9. L. paludosa petiole; frond peltate orbicular 30-90 cm wide; segments 3. a. Inflorescence much longer than leaf..................4 15-25 all about same size, linear, narrow; lateral b. Inflorescence much longer than leaf.........................6 segment 1-3 costulate, 22-40 by 1-3.2 cm; middle 4. a. Spines along approximately whole length of segment larger than rest, 3 costulate, 40-45 by 3 cm. petiole, spines more than 1 cm long near base.....12. L. Inflorescence erect to patent larger than leaves, spinosa extending beyond crown, 54-105 cm long, branched to b. Spines a long approximately about half of petiola, second orderwith 3-5 first order branches; peduncle 32- spines less than 5 mm long near 45 cm long, 3-4 mm scross basally; prophyll tubular, 15- base................................................................................5 22 by 0.5-0.7; peduncular bracts 2, rachis somewhat 5. a. Middle segment petiolulate 8-18 cm long, fruit rigid; rachis bract similar to prophyll, 6-10 cm by 3-5 mm; globose-obovate 10-20 mm diam, rachilla 30 cm rachilla 3-9 cm long; 1-1.5 mm wide; forked; densely long........……………………………………10. L.petiolulata covered with puberulous and ferruginous hairs, reddish b. Middle segment sessile, fruit obovate-elliptic 10-12 brown. Flowers apparently spirally arranged, sessile, mm diam, rachilla 8 cm long......................1. L. arbuscula bract, maturing about simultaneously, cincini 4-6 per cm; 6. a. Middle segment 3-7 costulate............................7 bud cylindrical with rounded apex and flate base, 3-4 by b. Middle segment 13-18 costulate......................11 2-3 mm, calyx urceolate to cyathiform, thick, splitting into 7. a. Leaf segments 7, peduncular bract 3 lobes with truncate apex, glabrous, tubular in absent........................................................5. L. halleriana lowermost, with 3 thick triangular lobes, apex acute b. Leaf segments 9-25, peduncular bract present...........8 acuminate; staminal tube epipetalous at mouth of corolla 8. a. Clustering palm, rachilla tube, to 1 mm high, with 6 well difined triangular teeth; branched..................................................3. L. bintulensis filaments subulate 4-5 mm long; anthers, 0.6-0.8 mm by b. Solitary palm, rachilla solitary.............................9 0.4-0.5 mm, reniform, yellow brown; ovary trigonous, 9. a. Flower with pedicel 2-3 mm long, style 2-3 mm glabrous, 1.5 mm long apex truncate with 3 free carpels long........................2. L. beruensis joined by common style 2 mm long fliform. Fruit green b. Flower sessile, style 1 mm long.......................10 obovate-ellipsoid, smooth, glabous, 9-12 mm by 5-7 mm; 10. a. Fruits clavate, apex acute.........................7. L. seed obovate-ellipsoid, 7-9 by 4-6 mm across. mattanensis var. paucisecta Field notes. Leaves, segments all about the same b. Fruit obovate, apex rounded......................7. L. spicata size, by the very slender, straight, long; flower glabrous. 11. a. Flower in group of 1-3, frond peltate Distribution. Borneo. East Kalimantan, Central orbicular........................................................12 Kalimantan, West Kalimantan and Serawak. Habitat and b. Flower strictly solitary, frond peltate semi- ecology. Forest a long river, low ridge of sandy loan soil; orbicular........................................................................13 20 m altitude. 12. a. Petiole up to 2 m long, rachilla covered by Note. Beccari (1933) noted that L. glabra with L. puberulous hairs...........................................8. L. olivifera arbuscula almost resemble, but differ from that from the b. Petiole up to 4 m long, rachilla covered by ferruginous fruiting perianth having the segments spreading under hairs...............................................................15. L. valida fruit. This species has the leaf blade narrow, almous 13. a. Ovary hairy, middle segment equal segments, rachilla puberulous, flower cyathiform petiolulate.................................................14. L. triphyllla glabrous, calyx truncate and pale fruits green, obovate. b. Ovary glabrous, middle segment sessile…...............14 Specimen examined. Borneo. East Kalimantan, 14. a. Peduncle hairy and calyx covered by ferruginous Balikpapan, Mentawir area near G. Mentawir, fl, fr, 28-2- and pubescent hairs....................................L. boornensis 1955, Kostermans 10136 (BO); Tanjong Bank near b. Peduncle glabrous by wooly hairs..............6. L. lanata mouth of Mahakam river, fr, fr, 19-5-1952, Kosterman 7017 (BO, K, L, A); Balikpapan PT. ICTI Concession, Kenangan, st, 12-8-1972, Dransfield 4388 (BO); Long Species description Iram, subdistrict, Maruwai, Nort East Lampunut to Black Pari, Bukit Ateng, fr, 14-3-1999, Kesler et al. 2570 (BO), 1. Licuala arbuscula Becc. Central Kalimantan, Kota Waringin Timur, Km. 94 from Malesia 3 (1886):79; Becc., Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta Sungai (plot camp), S. Mentaya, fr, 12-5-1995, Argent et 8 (1933): 195-196. Type: P. B. No. 2432 (holo:FI n.v.), al. 93142 (BO), Janglop Meyer s.n.; fl, fr, 1893, Jaheri Batoro et al.