The 30 years political struggle of HYDERABAD By K. KRISHNA SWAMY MUDIRAJ (1894- 1967) First published by him in 1948 Republished in 2011 by Shri K. Krishna Swamy Mudiraj Memorial Trust Hyderabad. Translated from Urdu by Architect Ansar Naqvi The 30 years political struggle of HYDERABAD by K. KRISHNA SWAMY MUDIRAJ (1894- 1967) First published by him in 1948 Translated from Urdu by Architect ANSAR NAQVI Republished by Shri K. Krishna Swamy Mudiraj Memorial Trust, Hyderabad First Edition (English) : August, 2011 Copies : 1000 © Copyright : Publishers Price : Rs. 200/- Cover Design : Shakeel Ahmed (A.P. Hindi Academy Awardee) 9959652570 Copies Available with : M. Narsimloo Mudiraj 11-37/4, New Gaddiannaram, Hyderabad -500 060 Cell: 93463 56861 Printed at : Karshak Art Printers, 40, APHB, Vidyanagar, Hyderabad - 500 044. Ph: 040-27618261 “Lagenge har baras maylay shahidoun ki chitaoun par; Watan par mitne waloun ka yehi naamo nishaan hoga.” Fairs held yearly on the martyrs' pyres; Are the only 'Aide Memoires' of their dying for the Mother Land DEDICATION To those valiant sons of Hyderabad who lit the lamp of freedom with their blood as the fuel. The lamp that is radiant now in the niche of democracy and the dazzling light emanating from it would make all facets of life brilliant. The 30 years of Political Struggle of Hyderabad iv K. Krishna Swami Mudiraj Table of Contents FOREWORD by the translatror vii 1. CHAPTER ONE 1 Dictatorship of the Desi Royals under the British Colonialism 2. CHAPTER TWO 8 British power in Hyderabad 3. CHAPTER THREE 13 The efforts to create political awakening in the masses 4. CHAPTER FOUR 24 Establishment of Political organizations 5. CHAPTER FIVE 34 Communal riots and Government policy 6. CHAPTER SIX 49 The political struggles of Hyderabad and News Papers 7. CHAPTER SEVEN 56 The Rise and Fall of the Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen 8. CHAPTER EIGHT 62 Hyderabad State Congress 9. CHAPTER NINE 72 Congress preparations for a glorious struggle 10. CHAPTER TEN 83 The Nizam's shenanigans to maintain his independent sovereignty 11. CHAPTER ELEVEN 92 The last struggle of Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen 12. CHAPTER TWELVE 105 Rule of Repression and Violence in Hyderabad 13. CHAPTER THIRTEEN 124 The Rise of Communist Power in Telangana 14. CHAPTER FOURTEEN 135 Police Action v The 30 years of Political Struggle of Hyderabad FOREWORD his book titled as “THE 30 YEARS POLITICAL STRUGGLE OF HYDERABAD” now being published Tis the true and honest translation of an Urdue Book titled as “Hyderabad-ki-Teessala Siayasi Jadujahed”. This urdu book was authored by a great Personality, the Former Mayor of Hyderabad late Sri K.Krishna Swamy Mudiraj, who was a Scholar, an Historian, a Philontharaphist, Social reformer, founder of various Educational Institutions, a Crusader of Down Trodden. Above all, he was a renowned Jornalist and Author of several books, particularly “PICTORIAL HYDERABAD” in two volumes which received international appreciations and laurels. The in depth study of this book throws light on the entire political, social, economic status emphasing on various struggles events, sacrifices, achievements, particularly certain secret dealings and activities of political and other parties, such as the Congress the Communists the Arya Samajis, MIM and Backward Classes Associations particularly the militant organisation which was suddently emerged and created havocs disturbing peace and Tranquilty of the State for a very considerable period named as “RAZAKARS” etc., The Author Sri K.Krishna Swamy Mudiraj who himself was a noted writer with his natural skill endeavoured very honestly to depicit those happinings, proceedings and the activities of all the persons institutions, political parties involved during this 30 years period starting from 1918 to 1948. vi K. Krishna Swami Mudiraj The present day generation particularly who had witnessed atleast a glimplse of pre-indepenaence period and the post independence period of Hyderabad naturally shall enjoy and be able to refresh and re-collect their memories to the events meticulously described in this Book, and for the younger- generations who are born much after the independence it shall not only prove to be an interesting collection of historical facts, but shall be a valuable Book of History knowledge and valued information. Late Sri K.Krishna Swamy Mudiraj, the author, who is regarded as the “JATHI PITHAMAHA OF MUDIRAJ CASTE” died in the year 1967. Besides the above titled “30 years political struggle of Hyderabad” he was an Author of Internationally recognised a volumious Book titled as “PICTORIAL HYDERABAD” along with several other Books. In the year 1993-94 with an aim and objective to propagate the great ideals and teachings of this personality Late Sri Krishna Swamy Mudiraj and to render necessary assistance, financial help and guidance etc to the Poor Mudiraj Students with a name of SRI K. KRISHNA SWAMI MUDIRAJ JAYANTHI CELEBRATIONS along with a Trust named as “SRI K.KRISHNA SWAMI MUDIRAJ MEMORIAL TRUST” was formed. This Celebrations committee and it’s Trust have been very promptly celebrating his Birthday functions every year without fail on a grand scale and struggling very hard and making all of it’s efforts to implement and propagate by all means utilising all resources the teachings and high ideals of this Personality among all. The very noteworthy and praisworthy action taken by this Committee is re-printing of the “PICTORIAL HYDERABAD” in vii The 30 years of Political Struggle of Hyderabad two volumes comprising 1000 pages. This action has been highly appreciated by several sections of the Society, top Bearucats, politicians. The decision taken by this Celebrations committee headed by Sri M.Narsimloo Mudiraj and extraordinary efforts they have taken to get this Book translated and got printed facing innumerable hardships is really loudable and praiseworthy. Sri M. Farook Ali Khan, Founder Chairman and Sri M. Narsimloo Mudiraj Secretary of “Subedar Amir Ali Khan global peace foundation” met Sri Dawood Ashraf, Retired Asst Director A.P. Archives in connection with the Amir Peace Foundation (A. P. F.) and during the discussion the later told that “the Book” 30 years political struggle in Hyderabad” authored by Sri K. Krishna Swamy Mudiraj was available with him which was presented by sri K. Krishna Swamy Mudiraj personally to his father Sri Syed. Ali Ashraf who was the Editor of several News papers. Sri M. Nasimloo Mudiraj requested Sri Dawood Ashraf to give the said Book to reprint the same in English and Urdu. He was kind enough to give the said Book. Sri K. Krishna Swamy Mudiraj Jayanthi Celebrations Committee offers its sincere gratitudes to him. In this context it is just and appropriate to describe that an expert and an authority in Urdu, English languages Sri Ansar Naqvi along with his sister Mrs. Farhat Naqvi, M.A., M.Phil has taken extreme care, interest and with great dedication sincerely completed the True Translation of this Book into English from its original Urdu script. viii K. Krishna Swami Mudiraj It shall be in the fitness of things to mention the able wise and proper guidance, help, assistance given by the President Andhra Pradesh Mudiraj Mahasabha Sri Kasani Gnaneshwar Mudiraj. Further, it is a matter of great satisfaction, that several Office Bearers namely Sri D. Lakshminarayana, Sri G.Sathyanarayana, Sri Kotla Narayana, Sri P. Yadiah, Sri. R. Bhasker Raju, Sri S. Srinivasulu and others have also rendered their very valuable services. The Celebrations Committee expresses its gratitudes to all of them. Now, this Book containing several un-noticed and un-recorded historical facts some of them very sensatianal, thrilling, emotional also surprsing informative, educative, very rare and valuable is ready to be read and preserved by all. JAIHIND SRI KRISHNA SYAMY MUDIRAJ JAYANTHI CELEBRATIONS COMMITTEE ANDHRA PRADESH MUDIRAJ MAHASABHA ix The 30 years of Political Struggle of Hyderabad POTRAIT OF JATHI PITHAMAHA KRISHNA SWAMY MUDIRAJ (1893-1967) Krishnaswamy Mudiraj was born on August 25th 1893, the holy day of Sri Krishna Janmastami at Jalna, Aurangabad dist. He was born to a poor peasant family. Education : He passed matriculation in 1911 from Chaderghat High School, Hyderabad. After his intermediate from Nizam College he studied Printing and Publishing Technology at Bombay including type writing and shorthand. KRISHNA SWAMY Service : He served as Private Secretary MUDIRAJ to the then Prime Minister of Hyderabad State Maharaja Sri Krishna Prasad Bahadur, subsequently joined in Govt. Service at Accountant General Office and served for 9 years. Social Service : As the leader in him got an awakening, when, influenza was ravaging the city then, he became a volunteer in the relief Organisation. The foundation was laid for the social service conference in 1917 he joined them in its working and attended the conference at Hadgaun in Maharashtra. In 1918 he became the member of its Working Committee. He became member of Standing Committee in 1921, 1923 and 1927. He was entrusted with the Publicity and Volunteer Corps work during the annual meetings. x K. Krishna Swami Mudiraj He has a great affinity for congress during those days and was professing and propagating the ideals of Congress. Writer / Journalist : At this juncture he started writing “The Pictorial Hyderabad” in 1929 in two volumes. This is an epitome of book for all the people of India as it depicts many a picture of Hyderabad in those glory days of Nizam. This depicts the way of life the costumes people wear and the culture therein. He was the editor of Deccan Star an English weekly in 1926, and was also a Urdu weekly - Masaavat in 1939. He was the Editor of New Era an English daily after independence. He served as Coloumnist to several Urdu papers i.et., Siyasat, Rayat, Rehnumae Daccan, Emroz etc., He established his own Chakdrakantha Press in 1925 which was one of the premier presses in South India.