y & E sit nd er a v n i g d e o i r e Journal of Anandan et al., J Biodivers Endanger Species 2014, 2:4 B d f S o DOI: 10.4172/2332-2543.1000135 p l e a c ISSN:n 2332-2543 r i e u s o J Biodiversity & Endangered Species Research Article Open Access Estimation of Tree Species Diversity in Four Campuses of Roever Institutions using Simpsons Diversity Index Anandan G1*, Thomas A2, Benickson C3, Chitra DR3, Geethu M3, Augustine J3, Mithun RM3, Shiva R3 and Kavipriya J3 1Department of Forestry, Thanthai Rover Institute of Agriculture and Rural Development, Perambalur, Tamilnadu-621212, India 2Department of Horticulture, Thanthai Rover Institute of Agriculture and Rural Development (TRIARD), Perambalur, Tamil nadu-621212, India 3Department of Agriculture, Thanthai Rover Institute of Agriculture and Rural Development (TRIARD), Perambalur, Tamilnadu-621212, India Abstract Urbanization causes wholesale transformation of the local environment, affecting it at a fundamental level by altering habitat, climate, hydrology, and primary production. Especially tree species richness in an area facilitates the opportunity for the other living organism to develop. Because trees have very long life span, good crown cover to nest, breed and fruits to eat etc. We have studied tree species diversity in four campuses of Roever Educational Institutions. In that we have estimated richness of trees, dominant trees in each campuses, estimated Tree Diversity Index using Simpson’s Diversity Index. We found that Thanthai Hans Roever College has highest tree species diversity with the D value of 0.057809222. Among the all species coconut dominate all the species in richness followed by Drumstick trees. Keywords: Species; Urbanization; transformation; Trees Simpson’s index (D) is a measure of diversity, which takes into account both species richness, and an evenness of abundance among Introduction the species present. In essence it measures the probability that two individuals randomly selected from an area will belong to the same Species richness has been linked repeatedly with the spatial species. The formula for calculating D is presented as: characteristics of ecosystems. Among the geographic variables used by ecologists Species richness is a fundamental measurement of ∑ ()ii −1nn D = community and regional diversity, and it underlies many ecological ()−1NN models and conservation strategies. In spite of its importance, ecologists have not always appreciated the effects of abundance and sampling Where ni=the total number of organisms of each individual species effort on richness measures and comparisons. Quantifying species N=the total number of organisms of all species richness is important, not only for basic comparisons among sites, but The value of D ranges from 0 to 1. With this index, 0 represents also for addressing the saturation of local communities colonized from infinite diversity and, 1, no diversity. That is, the bigger the value the regional source pools. Maximizing species richness is often an explicit lower the diversity Table 1. or implicit goal of conservation studies and current and background rates of species extinction are calibrated against patterns of species Geography of the Perambalur District richness [1]. Therefore, it is important to examine how ecologists have The district lies in the Southern plateau & hill zone of Agro-climate quantified this fundamental measure of biodiversity. regional planning with characteristics of semi-arid climate. The District has an area of 1,756 Sq.Km. (Figure 1) spread between 10.54’ and 11.30’ Urbanization causes wholesale transformation of the local degree Northern latitude and 78.40’ and 79.30’ degree of the Eastern environment, affecting it at a fundamental level by altering habitat, longitude.The soil is predominantly red loamy and black soil. The climate, hydrology, and primary production. In the case of urban normal rainfall of the district is 908 mm which is less than 946.9 mm, the domestic gardens, it is difficult to predict what the relative roles of normal rainfall of the State. The precipitation during northeast monsoon, ‘internal’ and ‘external’ factors may be since gardens are managed at southwest monsoon and remaining winter & hot weather period account an individual level, yet they form interconnected tracts of green space. for 52%, 34% and 14% of annual rainfall, respectively [3]. Especially tree species richness in an area facilitates the opportunity Cauvery is the major river flowing in the region and the for the other living organism to develop. Because trees have very composite district has a canal system covering just 47 km stretch long life span, good crown cover to nest, breed and fruits to eat etc. and ayacut of 11,610 ha. The ground water resource through tube comparatively urban trees have very vital role urban biodiversity. The aim of the project is to understand tree species richness in the educational institution. We have studied species richness, given *Corresponding author: Anandan G, Thanthai Rover Institute of hierarchy of institutions among studied based on the Simpson’s species Agriculture and Rural Development, Perambalur, Tamilnadu-621212, India, diversity richness formula [2]. Tel: 09597149700; E-mail: [email protected] Simpson’s Species Diversity Index Received June 06, 2014; Accepted July 24, 2014; Published July 30, 2014 Citation: Anandan G, Thomas A, Benickson C, Chitra DR, Geethu M, et al. Species richness as a measure on its own takes no account of the (2014) Estimation of Tree Species Diversity in Four Campuses of Roever number of individuals of each species present. It gives equal weight Institutions using Simpsons Diversity Index. J Biodivers Endanger Species 2: 135. doi:10.4172/2332-2543.1000135 to those species with very few individuals and those with many individuals. A better measure of diversity should take into account the Copyright: © 2014 Anandan G, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits abundance of each species. unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. J Biodivers Endanger Species Volume 2 • Issue 4 • 1000135 ISSN: 2332-2543 JBES an open access journal Citation: Anandan G, Thomas A, Benickson C, Chitra DR, Geethu M, et al. (2014) Estimation of Tree Species Diversity in Four Campuses of Roever Institutions using Simpsons Diversity Index. J Biodivers Endanger Species 2: 135. doi:10.4172/2332-2543.1000135 Page 2 of 3 Low species diversity suggests High species diversity suggests • relatively few successful species in the habitat • a greater number of successful species and a more stable ecosystemmore • the environment is quite stressful with relatively few ecological niches and only a few ecological niches are available and the environment is less likely to be hostile organisms are really well adapted to that environment • complex food webs • food webs which are relatively simple • environmental change is less likely to be damaging to the ecosystem as a • change in the environment would probably have quite serious effects whole. Table 1: The bigger the value the lower the diversity. Roever Engineering College was established in 2001 with the sole purpose of providing quality technical education at affordable costs. PERAMBALUR DISTRICT REC is part of the larger Roever educational family with a specific focus VILUPPURAM on research-oriented education. It even provides guides to undertake DISTRICT SALEM PhD program under Anna University Trichirapalli. DISTRICT CUDDALORE DISTRICT Study Location No 3: Thanthai Hans Roever College of Arts and Science Veppanthattai Thanthai Hans Roever College of Arts and Science, Perambalur, was started in 1985 with 49 students and two disciplines. It is purely a self-financing institution affiliated to the Bharathidasan University Perambalur Kunnam and approved by the University Grants Commission, New Delhi. ARIYALUR It offers job-oriented graduate courses such as Administration, DISTRICT Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Bio-Technology, Information Technology, Computer Application, Computer Science, Tamil, English, Commerce, Hotel Management, TIRUCHIRAPPALLI Post graduate courses in Computer Science, Computer Application, DISTRICT Maths, Physics, Chemistry, Commerce, Microbiology, Information Figure 1: Information about Perambalur district, Tamilnadu, India. Technology, Biochemistry, Bio-Technology, Bio-informatics, Social work, PG Diploma in Bio-informatics, PG Diploma in Actuarial wells and wells contribute nearly 68% of irrigated area command. The Science and Research Courses M.Phil., (Commerce, Microbiology, major crops grown in the district are paddy, groundnut, sugarcane Computer Science, Bio-Technology, Tamil, Physics and Chemistry) and millets. Cashew is the major plantation crop. Now the major cultivation is small Onion, totally 24% in Tamil Nadu i.e. first place Study Location No 4: Roever Educational Institutions main in Tamilnadu [4]. The Onion cultivation villages are Nakkasalem, campus. Ammapalayam, Siruvayalur, Chettikulam, Kalarampatty, Esanai, The main campus comprises various colleges and offices which are Arumpavur. Currently, Perambalur district is the top maize and Onion all run under St. John Sangam Trust. The main campus consist College (small) producer in Tamil Nadu, with 27% and 50% of the state’s share of Physiotherapy, college of Nursing, college of Pharmacy, Roever respectively. School