1004401.0003.01 Draft Perdido River and Bay Watershed Characterization December 2016 Prepared by: Perdido River and Bay Watershed Characterization Northwest Florida Water Management District December 5, 2016 DRAFT WORKING DOCUMENT This document was developed in support of the Surface Water Improvement and Management Program with funding assistance from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation’s Gulf Environmental Benefit Fund. ii Perdido River and Bay Watershed Characterization Northwest Florida Water Management District December 5, 2016 DRAFT WORKING DOCUMENT Version History Location(s) in Date Version Summary of Revision(s) Document 09/07/2016 1 All Initial draft Watershed Characterization (Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6) submitted to NWFWMD. 10/18/2016 2 Throughout Numerous edits and comments from District staff. 11/10/2016 3 Throughout Numerous revisions to address District comments. 11/23/2016 4 Throughout Numerous edits and comments from District staff. 12/5/2016 5 Throughout Numerous revisions to address District comments. L:\Publications\4200-4499\4401-0001_NWFWD iii Perdido River and Bay Watershed Characterization Northwest Florida Water Management District December 5, 2016 DRAFT WORKING DOCUMENT This page intentionally left blank. iv Perdido River and Bay Watershed Characterization Northwest Florida Water Management District December 5, 2016 DRAFT WORKING DOCUMENT Table of Contents Section Page 1.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................................1 1.1 SWIM Program Background, Goals, and Objectives...........................................1 1.2 Purpose and Scope of 2017 SWIM Plan ..............................................................2 2.0 Watershed Description ................................................................................................4 2.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................4 2.2 Geographic Characteristics...................................................................................5 2.2.1 Geography ................................................................................................5 2.2.2 Land Use and Population .........................................................................7 2.3 Physical Characteristics ......................................................................................11 2.3.1 Physiographic Region ............................................................................11 2.3.2 Ecoregions ..............................................................................................12 2.3.3 Climate ...................................................................................................14 2.3.4 Geology ..................................................................................................15 2.3.5 Soils ........................................................................................................16 2.4 Hydrologic Characteristics .................................................................................17 2.4.1 Major Rivers, Tributaries, and Coastal Waterbodies .............................17 2.4.2 Lakes ......................................................................................................19 2.4.3 Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW) ....................................................19 2.4.4 Groundwater Systems ............................................................................19 2.5 Ecosystem Services ............................................................................................21 2.5.1 Hydrologic Functions .............................................................................21 2.5.2 Nutrient Cycling .....................................................................................22 2.5.3 Sediment Stabilization ............................................................................22 2.5.4 Commercially and Recreationally Important Fish and Wildlife ............23 2.5.5 Recreation and Aesthetic Value .............................................................24 2.6 Ecological Resources .........................................................................................25 2.6.1 Seagrass Beds .........................................................................................26 2.6.2 Oyster Reefs ...........................................................................................26 2.6.3 Palustrine, Riparian, and Floodplain Habitats ........................................26 2.6.4 Emergent Marsh .....................................................................................28 2.6.5 Coastal Barrier Systems .........................................................................30 2.6.6 Terrestrial Communities .........................................................................30 2.6.7 Migratory Bird Flyways .........................................................................30 3.0 Current Watershed Conditions and Water Resource Issues .................................32 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................32 viii Perdido River and Bay Watershed Characterization Northwest Florida Water Management District December 5, 2016 DRAFT WORKING DOCUMENT 3.2 Water Quality .....................................................................................................32 3.2.1 Impaired Waters .....................................................................................32 3.2.2 Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Assessments ..............................34 3.2.3 Point Source Pollution ............................................................................37 3.2.4 Nonpoint Source (NPS) Pollution ..........................................................42 3.2.5 Ecological Indicators of Water Quality ..................................................50 3.3 Habitat Quality in Receiving Waters .................................................................52 3.3.1 Subtidal Communities ............................................................................52 3.3.2 Intertidal Communities ...........................................................................54 3.3.3 Freshwater Systems ................................................................................54 3.4 Floodplains .........................................................................................................55 3.4.1 Flood Prone Areas ..................................................................................55 3.4.2 Recent Flood Events ...............................................................................56 3.4.3 Floodplain Management .........................................................................56 3.5 Unique Features and Special Resource Management Designations ..................57 3.5.1 Conservation Lands ................................................................................57 3.5.2 Critical Habitat and Strategic Habitat Conservation Areas ....................60 3.5.3 Aquatic Preserves ...................................................................................61 3.5.4 Outstanding Florida Waters (OFWs) .....................................................61 3.5.5 Gulf Ecological Management Sites (GEMS) .........................................61 4.0 Related Resource Management Activities ...............................................................63 4.1 Deepwater Horizon: RESTORE Act, Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA), and NFWF Projects ........................................................63 4.1.1 RESTORE ..............................................................................................63 4.1.2 Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) ...................................64 4.1.3 National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) ...................................65 4.1.4 The Nature Conservancy (TNC): Watershed Management Planning ..................................................................................................65 4.2 Water Quality Monitoring ..................................................................................66 4.2.1 FDEP/NWFWMD ..................................................................................66 4.2.2 FDEP Northwest District .......................................................................67 4.2.3 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) ................................................................................................67 4.2.4 Florida Department of Health (FDOH) ..................................................67 4.2.5 The Bream Fishermen Association (BFA) .............................................68 4.3 Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) Monitoring ...........................................68 4.4 Water Quality Restoration and Protection Programs .........................................68 ix Perdido River and Bay Watershed Characterization Northwest Florida Water Management District December 5, 2016 DRAFT WORKING DOCUMENT 4.4.1 Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) .................................................68 4.4.2 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permitting ...............................................................................................69 4.4.3 Domestic and Industrial Wastewater Permits ........................................70 4.4.4 Best Management Practices (BMPs) ......................................................70