NASA CONTRACTOR NASA CR-1095 REPORT < V') < ::z: LUNAR ORBITER V Photographic Mission Summary Prepared by THE BOEING COMPANY Seattle, Wash. for Langley Research Center NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION • WASHINGTON, D. C. • JULY 1968 Hyginus Rille Photo taken by NASA-Boeing Lunar Orbiter V, August 14, 1967, 03:02:56 GMT from a distance of 65 miles. NASA CR-1095 LUNAR ORBITER V Photographic Mission Summary Distribution of this report is provided in the interest of information exchange. Responsibility for the contents resides in the author or organization that prepared it. Issued by Originator as Boeing Document 02-100755-1 (Vol. I) Prepared under Contract No. NAS 1-3800 by THE BOEING COMPANY . Seattle, Wash. for Langley Res~arch Center NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION For sale by the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information Springfield, Virginia 22151- CFSTI price $3.00 Contents Page Lunar Orbiter V Photographic Mission Summary ..................................... 1 1.0 Introduction ...................................................................5 1.1 Program Description .......................................................5 1.2 Program Management ... ....... ... .. .. .. ... ...... .. .. ... ... .. ... ....... .. 5 1.3 Program Objectives ........................................................ 7 1.3.1 Mission V Objectives ..... ... .......................................... 7 1.4 Mission Design .. ....... .. ....... .. ........ ...... ........ .. .... ...... .. .. 8 1.5 Flight Vehicle Description ..... ... .. .. ........... .. .... .. ....... ..... ..... 13 2.0 Launch Preparation and Operations .. ... ... ... ........... ... .... .. ... .. .... .. 21 2.1 Launch Vehicle Preparation ...............................................21 2.2 Spacecraft Preparation .....................................................22 2.3 Launch Countdown .. .. ....... .. ..... .. .... ...... .... .. .... ... .. ........ 22 2.4 Launch Phase ................. .... ............. .... .... .............. .24 2.4.1 Flight Vehicle Performance .........................................24 2.5 Data Acquisition ..........................................................27 3.0 Mission Operations .. ......... .. ... ... .... ... ....... .. .... ... ... ... ..........31 3.1 Mission Profile .... .. ... .. .. .. ..................... .. .... .. .... .. ........31 3.2 Spacecraft Performance ....... .. .... ... .............. .. ..... .. ............33 3.2.1 Photo Subsystem Performance .... ....... .. ........ .. ...............34 3.2.2 Power Subsystem Performance .....................................37 3.2.3 Communications Subsystem Performance ....... ... .... ... ... .......39 3.2.4 Attitude Control Subsystem Performance ........................... .41 3.2.5 Velocity Control Subsystem Performance .......................... .44 3.2.6 Structures, Mechanisms, and Integration Elements Performance ...... .46 3.3 Operational Performance .............. ......... ... .. ... ... .. ........... .4 7 3.3.1 Spacecraft Control ............................................... .48 3.3.2 Flight Path Control ............................................... .49 3.4 Ground Systems Performance .............................................55 3.4.1 Space Flight Operations Facility ....................................55 3.4.2 Deep Space Stations . ... ......... ... ........... ... .... ......... .58 3.4.3 Ground Communications System .. ............ ... ... .... ... ... ......58 3.4.4 Photo Processing ...... .. ... .. .............. ... .. .... ......... .. ... .59 3.4.5 Langley Photo Data Assessment Facility .............................59 4.0 Mission Data ...............................................................63 4.1 Photographic Data . .. ......... ..... ... .. .... .......... ..... .... ... ......63 4.1.1 Mission Photography ................................................65 4.1.2 Photo Coverage .....................................................67 4.2 Environmental Data ..................................................... 128 4.2.1 Radiation Data ....... ... ......... ... ... ...... .. ............ .. .... 128 4.2.2 Micrometeoroid Data .............................................. 128 4.3 Tracking Data ................ ... ................ ..... ..... ......... ... 128 4.3.1 DSI F Tracking Data System ....................................... 128 4.3.2 DSN ............................................................. 130 4.4 Performance Telemetry ......................... .......... ..... ....... 130 5.0 Mission Evaluation ......................................................... 133 6.0 Program Summary .. ....... .. .............................................. 135 iii Figures Page Figure 1-1: Lunar Orbiter Project Organization .................................6 Figure 1-2: Photo Site Location - Nearside ....................................9 Figure 1-3: Planned Photo Period Sequence of Events ........................ 14 Figure 1-4: Exposure Sequences and Priority Readouts ........................ 15 Figure 1-5: Lunar Orbiter Spacecraft ......................................... 16 Figure 1-6: Lunar Orbiter Block Diagram .................................... 17 Figure 1-7: Photographic Data Acquisition, Reconstruction, and Assembly ..... 18 Figure 1-8: Launch Vehicle .................................................. 19 Figure 2-1: Launch Operations Flow Chart ....................................23 Figure 2-2: Master Countdown Time Sequence ...............................24 Figure 2-3: Ground Track for August 1, 1967 ..................................28 Figure 3-1: Lunar Orbiter V Flight Profile ............................... 32 Figure 3-2: Photo Subsystem ................................................. 35 Figure 3-3: Video Signal Waveform ..........................................36 Figure 3-4: Power Subsystem Block Diagram ...................................37 Figure 3-5: Communications Subsystem Block Diagram .......................39 Figure 3-6: Altitude Control Subsystem Functional Block Diagram ........... .42 Figure 3-7: Velocity and Reaction Control Subsystem ....................... .45 Figure 3-8: Earth Photo Spatial Geometry .....................................53 Figure 3-9: Perilune Altitude History ......................................... 56 Figure 3-10: Orbit Inclination History .........................................56 Figure 3-11: Argument of Perilune History ..................................... 57 Figure 3-12: Inertial Node Longitude History ..................................57 Figure 4-1: Altitude and Resolution Variation with Latitude ...................64 Figure 4-2: Pre-Exposed Reseau Mark Characteristics .........................65 Figure 4-3: Geometrical Parameters of Photography ...........................68 Figure 4-4: Selected Apollo Site Locations ....................................69 Figure 4-5: Scientifically Interesting Site Locations ..........................72 Figure 4-6: Scientifically Interesting "Landable" Site Locations ...............7 4 Figure 4-7: Farside Photo Coverage .......................................... 77 Figure 4-8 through 4-55: Selected Lunar Photographs (both wide angle and telephoto) ....80-127 Figure 4-56: Micrometeoroid Impact Geometry ................................ 129 Figure 6-l: Candidate Apollo Photo Site Locations ........................... 136 Figure 6-2: Lunar Farside Map (Polar Regions) ............................... 138 Figure 6-3: Lunar Farside Map (Midlatitudes) ................................ 139 iv Tables Page 1-1 Photo Site Coordinates ..................................................... 10 1-2 Launch Window Summary ................................................. 12 2-1 Launch Vehicle Preparation Summary ........................................21 2-2 Sequence of Significant Flight Events ......................................25 2-3 Electronic Tracking Coverage .............................................29 2-4 Telemetry Coverage ......................................................29 3-1 Trajectory Change Summary ..............................................34 3-2 L. 0. V Electrical Loads ..................................................38 3-3 Maneuver Summary ......................................................43 3-4 Gyro Drift Rates ......................................................... .44 3-5 Thruste Operation Summary ............................................. .44 3-6 Velocity Control Engine Performance ..................................... .45 3-7 Lunar Encounter Parameters ..............................................50 3-8 Summary of Encounter Parameters ........................................50 3-9 Initial Orbit Parameters ...................................................51 3-10 Intermediate-Ellipse Parameters ..........................................52 3-ll Final Transfer Results .....................................................54 3-12 Orbit 26 Parameters .......................................................54 3-13 Measured GRE Film Density .............................................59 4-1 Exposure Allocations .....................................................63 4-2 Supporting Data - Candidate Apollo Site ..................................70 4-3 Supporting Data- Scientifically Interesting "Landable" Sites ..............73 4-4 Supporting Data - Scientifically Interesting Sites .......................... 75 4-5 Supporting Data - Farside ............................................... 78 4-6 Radiation