COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF IMPLANT DESIGNS: INFLUENCE OF DIAMETER, LENGTH AND TAPER ON STRESS AND STRAIN IN THE MANDIBULAR SEGMENT - A THREE DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS GOWTHAMA RAAJ K.C. Dissertation submitted to the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Dental Surgery in Prosthodontics including crown and bridge and implantology Under the guidance of Dr. P. Manimaran HOD and Professor of Prosthodontics J.K.K.Nattraja Dental college and Hospital Komarapalayam. 2015-2018 Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University MAY 2018 Declaration I hereby declare that this dissertation entitled COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF IMPLANT DESIGNS: INFLUENCE OF DIAMETER, LENGTH AND TAPER ON STRESS AND STRAIN IN THE MANDIBULAR SEGMENT - A THREE DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS is a bonafide and genuine research work carried out by me under the guidance of Dr. P. Manimaran, H.O.D. and Professor of Prosthodontics J.K.K. Nattraja Dental College and Hospital Komarapalayam GOWTHAMA RAAJ K.C. Postgraduate student in Prosthodontics J.K.K.Nattraja Dental College and Hospital Komarapalayam Endorsement by the Head of the Department and Principal This is to certify that the dissertation entitled COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF IMPLANT DESIGNS: INFLUENCE OF DIAMETER, LENGTH AND TAPER ON STRESS AND STRAIN IN THE MANDIBULAR SEGMENT - A THREE DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS is a bonafide research work done by GOWTHAMA RAAJ K.C. under the guidance of Dr. P. Manimaran H.O.D. and Professor of Prosthodontics J.K.K.Nattraja Dental College and Hospital Komarapalayam Dr. P. Manimaran Dr. A. Sivakumar Head of the Department of Prosthodontics Principal J.K.K. Nattraja Dental College and Hospital J.K.K.Nattraja Dental College and Hospital Komarapalayam Komarapalayam Copyright Declaration I hereby declare that the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University shall have the rights to preserve, use and disseminate this dissertation in print or electronic format for academic / research purpose. Komarapalayam GOWTHAMA RAAJ K.C. Date: -12-2017 Postgraduate student in Prosthodontics J.K.K. Nattraja Dental College and Hospial Komarapalayam © Tami Nadu Dr. M. G. R. Medical University Certificate - I This is to certify that the dissertation entitled COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF IMPLANT DESIGNS: INFLUENCE OF DIAMETER, LENGTH AND TAPER ON STRESS AND STRAIN IN THE MANDIBULAR SEGMENT - A THREE DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS is a bonafide research work done by GOWTHAMA RAAJ K.C. in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Dental Surgery in Prosthodontics including crown and bridge and implantology Dr. C. Dhinesh Kumar Dr. P. Manimaran Co-Guide and Reader Guide and HOD Department of Prosthodontics Department of Prosthodontics J.K.K. Nattraja Dental College J.K.K. Nattraja Dental College Komarapalayam Komarapalayam Komaraplayam Date: -2018 CERTIFICATE - II This is to certify that this dissertation work titled COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF IMPLANT DESIGNS: INFLUENCE OF DIAMETER, LENGTH AND TAPER ON STRESS AND STRAIN IN THE MANDIBULAR SEGMENT - A THREE DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS of the candidate GOWTHAMA RAAJ K.C. with registration Number 241511101 for the award of MASTER of DENTAL SURGERY in the branch of Prosthodontics including crown and bridge and Implantology. I personally verified the urkund.com website for the purpose of plagiarism check. I found that the uploaded thesis file contains from introduction to conclusion pages and result shows 0% percentage of plagiarism in the dissertation. Guide & Supervisor sign with Seal. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I express my profound gratitude and respect to my guide Dr. P. Manimaran, M.D.S., HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT, postgraduate Department of prosthodontics for his invaluable council and encouragement not only this study but throughout my postgraduate course. I will always indebted to him for his wholehearted support in study. I am extremely thankful to Dr. A. SIVAKUMAR M.D.S., Principal, J.K.K Nattraja Dental college & Hospital for his kind help and permitting me to use the facilities in the institution. I am thankful to Dr. C. Dhinesh Kumar M.D.S., Reader, Postgraduate – Department of prosthodontics for giving me constant guidance, support and for giving a final shape to this study. This dissertation has been the fruitful outcome of his immense patience support, expert guidance and advice from beginning to end of this study. I am thankful to Dr. Saisadan M.D.S., Reader for all the inspiration and guidance he has provided throughout my postgradutation. I am thankful to Dr. Abirami M.D.S., Senior lecturer, for her instant help, support and motivation rendered throughout this study. I am thankful to my senior Dr. S. Uthayana Raaja and juniors Dr. Preethi suganya and Dr. Sandhya for their concern and support. I thank Dr. V. Prabu Raja, B.E., M.E., PhD, Associate professor, Department of mechanical engineering, CAE lab, PSG College of technology, Coimbatore for allowing me to work and taught to me about the software used in this study. I thank Dr. Kumaresan, B.A., M.A., M.Sc., M.Phil, PhD, Principal, Laxminarayana Arts and Science College for Women, Dharmapuri, for helping me out in doing the statistical analysis of study results. Finally I thankful to my parents Mr. P. Chidambaram, Mrs. K. Thilagavathy and my sister Dr. K.C. Keerthana Sri for an immense support, help and motivation throughout this study. ALL FAME TO ALMIGHTY TABLE OF CONTENTS S. No. Description Page No. Introduction 1. 1 Aim and objectives 2. 6 Review of literature 3. 8 Finite element methodology 4. 27 Materials and methods 5. 33 Photographs 6. 34 Tables and graphs 7. 51 Statistical analysis 8. 60 Results 9. 79 Discussion 10. 81 Summary and conclusion 11. 87 Bibliography 12. 90 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. No. Description Page No 1. 3D view of mandible and two dimensional sketch of five 40 mandibular segment from CBCT scan 2. Generation of virtual geometric model 41 3. Co-ordinate system 42 4. Contact Establishment 42 5. Meshed model 43 6. Boundary conditions- Fixed support 43 7. Loading conditions 44 8 (a) Stress and strain analysis in 3.5x10mm implant 44 Load 1 - Axial (100N) 8 (b) Stress and strain analysis in 3.5x10mm implant 45 Load 2 - Buccolingual (50N) 8 (c) Stress and strain analysis in 3.5x10mm implant 45 Load 2 - Mesiodistal - (50N) 9 (a) Stress and strain analysis in 4.3x10mm implant 46 Load 1 - Axial (100N) 9 (b) Stress and strain analysis in 4.3x10mm implant 46 Load 2 – Buccolingual (50N) 9 (c) Stress and strain analysis in 4.3x10mm implant 47 Load 3 - Mesiodistal (50N) 10 (a) Stress and strain analysis in 3.5x11.5mm implant Load 1 - Axial 47 (100N) 10 (b) Stress and strain analysis in 3.5x11.5mm implant Load 2 - 48 Buccolingual (50N) 10 (c) Stress and strain analysis in 4.3x10mm implant 48 Load 2 - Mesiodistal (50N) 11 (a) Stress and strain analysis in 4.3x11.5mm implant Load 1 - Axial 49 (100N) 11 (b) Stress and strain analysis in 4.3x11.5mm implant Load 2 - 49 Buccolingual (50N) 11 (c) Stress and strain analysis in 4.3x11.5mm implant Load 2 - 50 Mesiodistal (50N) LIST OF TABLES Table No Description Page No. 1. Mechanical properties of different material used in the model 36 2. Contact Type between the Three Dimensional Models 36 3. Load (force) and magnitude 37 4. Von mises Stress (MPa) produced under Axial load 100N Load-1 52 (G1) Implant size 3.5x10 mm 5. Von mises Stress (MPa) produced under Axial load 100N Load-1 (G2) 52 Implant size 4.3x10 mm 6. Von mises Stress (MPa) produced under Axial load 100N Load-1 52 (G3) Implant size 3.5x11.5 mm 7. Von mises Stress (MPa) produced under Axial load 100N Load-1 53 (G4) Implant size 4.3x11.5 mm 8. Von mises Strain produced under Axial load 100N Load-1 53 (G1) Implant size 3.5x10 mm 9. Von mises Strain produced under Axial load 100N Load-1 53 (G2) Implant size 4.3x10 mm 10. Von mises Strain produced under Axial load 100N Load-1 54 (G3) Implant size 3.5x11.5 mm 11 Von mises Strain produced under Axial load 100N Load-1 54 (G4) Implant size 4.3x11.5 mm 12 Von mises Stress (Mpa) produced under Non Axial load (Bucco lingual) 54 50N Load-2 (G1) Implant size 3.5x10 mm 13 Von mises Stress (Mpa) produced under Non Axial load (Bucco lingual) 55 50N Load-2 (G2) Implant size 4.3x10 mm 14 Von mises Stress (Mpa) produced under Non Axial load (Bucco lingual) 55 50N Load-2 (G3) Implant size 3.5x11.5 mm 15 Von mises Stress (Mpa) produced under Non Axial load (Bucco lingual) 55 50N Load-2 (G4) Implant size 4.3x11.5 mm 16 Von mises Strain produced under Non Axial load (Bucco lingual) 50N 56 Load-2 (G1) Implant size 3.5x10 mm 17 Von mises Strain produced under Non Axial load (Bucco lingual) 50N 56 Load-2 (G2) Implant size 4.3x10 mm 18 Von mises Strain produced under Non Axial load (Bucco lingual) 50N 56 Load-2 (G3) Implant size 3.5x11.5 mm 19 Von mises Strain produced under Non Axial load (Bucco lingual) 50N 57 Load-2 (G4) Implant size 4.3x11.5 mm 20 Von mises Stress (Mpa) produced under Non Axial load (Mesio distal) 57 50N Load-3 (G1) Implant size 3.5x10 mm 21 Von mises Stress (Mpa) produced under Non Axial load (Mesio distal) 57 50N Load-3 (G2) Implant size 4.3x10 mm 22 Von mises Stress (Mpa) produced under Non Axial load (Mesio 58 distal)50N Load-3 (G3) Implant size 3.5x11.5 mm 23 Von mises Stress (Mpa) produced under Non Axial load (Mesio distal) 58 50N Load-3 (G4) Implant size 4.3x11.5 mm 24 Von mises Strain produced under Non Axial load (Mesio distal) 50N 58 Load-3 (G1) Implant size 3.5x10 mm 25 Von mises Strain produced under Non Axial load (Mesio