Republic of Cameroon Direction des Études Techniques, Ministry of Public Works Communauté Urbaine de Douala Ministry of Housing and Urban Development Ministry of Economy, Planning and Regional Development Data Collection Survey on the Transport Network Development in Douala, Republic of Cameroon Final Report February, 2017 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) INGÉROSEC Corporation Metropolitan Expressway Company Limited Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. 6R CR(3) 17-009 Data Collection Survey on the Transport Network Development in Douala, Republic of Cameroon Final Report Contents Area Map ..................................................................................................... i List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................... ii List of Tables and Figures .............................................................................. vi Summary ...................................................................................................... xv 1．Project Overview 1.1 Background and purpose of the Survey ······································ 1 1.1.1 Background of the Survey ················································· 1 1.1.2 Purpose of the Survey ····················································· 1 1.2 Survey approach ······························································· 2 1.3 Survey Team ··································································· 3 1.4 Field Survey Schedule ························································ 4 1.5 Main Survey Areas ···························································· 8 1.6 List of Interviewees ··························································· 15 2．Cameroon: An Overview 2.1 Natural Conditions ···························································· 17 2.1.1 Location ···································································· 17 2.1.2 Topography and Geology ·················································· 17 2.1.3 Weather ····································································· 22 2.1.4 River / hydrology ·························································· 28 2.1.5 Earthquake·································································· 41 2.1.6 Natural disasters ··························································· 42 2.1.7 Land use ···································································· 43 2.2 Social condition ······························································· 45 2.2.1 Population ·································································· 45 2.2.2 Ethnic groups ······························································ 49 2.2.3 Language ··································································· 49 2.2.4 Administrative divisions ·················································· 50 2.3 Economic condition ··························································· 52 2.3.1 State budget ································································ 59 2.3.2 Balance of current account ················································ 59 2.3.3 GDP by sector ······························································ 60 2.3.4 Economic condition by sector ············································ 64 2.4 Donor Assistance ······························································ 70 2.5 Tax Imposition and Exemption of Public Works Projects ·················· 92 3．Transport Sector in the Survey Target Area: An Overview 3.1 Road Sector ·································································· 93 3.1.1 Current condition of roads in Douala City ······························· 93 3.1.2 Traffic Transport··························································· 93 3.1.3 Road administration and budget ·········································· 95 3.1.4 Road and bridge maintenance ············································· 98 3.2 Public Transportation ························································· 100 3.2.1 Bus and taxi ································································ 100 3.2.2 Railway ····································································· 104 3.3 Port transportation ···························································· 104 3.4 Air transport ··································································· 106 4．Transportation Sector Development Plans in the Survey Target Areas 4.1 Overall Plans ·································································· 107 4.1.1 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper ········································ 107 4.1.2 Cameroon Vision 2035 ···················································· 107 4.1.3 Growth and Employment Strategy Paper ································· 107 4.1.4 Transportation Sector Strategy Paper ···································· 108 4.1.5 Development Strategies of Douala and Urban Zone ···················· 108 4.1.6 Douala City Master Plan ·················································· 108 4.1.7 Transportation Sector: an overview ······································ 110 4.2 Development Plan related to Road Sector ··································· 112 4.2.1 2nd Bridge··································································· 112 4.2.2 3rd Bridge ··································································· 115 4.2.3 Hi-standard intercity highway ············································ 118 4.2.4 Inner-city road ····························································· 119 4.3 Development Plan related to Public Transportation ························ 120 4.3.1 BRT and BHNS ···························································· 120 4.3.2 Railway ····································································· 121 4.4 Port and Harbor Development Plan ·········································· 122 4.4.1 Port of Limbe ······························································ 122 4.4.2 Port of Kribi ································································ 124 4.5 Djebale Island Development Plan ············································ 126 4.5.1 Djebale Island: An Overview ············································· 126 4.5.2 Tourism Development Plan including Djebale Island ··················· 127 5．Result of Traffic Survey and Traffic Demand Forecast 5.1 Traffic Survey ································································· 130 5.1.1 Travel Speed Survey ······················································· 130 5.1.2 Traffic Count Survey and Roadside OD Interview Survey ············· 137 5.2 Traffic Demand Forecast ······················································ 146 5.2.1 Review of Existing Report on Traffic Demand Forecast ··············· 146 5.2.2 Traffic Demand Forcast: Basic Idea of this work ······················· 147 6．Approaches Necessary to Improve the Traffic Situation 6.1 Development of a new road network ········································· 153 6.2 Improvement of congested intersections ···································· 154 6.3 Improvement of traffic management ········································· 154 6.4 Improvement of public transportation ······································· 154 7．Review of Assumable Infrastructure Development 7.1 Situation around the Djebale Bridge Site ··································· 155 7.1.1 Situation around the Bridge ··············································· 155 7.1.2 Access Road ································································ 155 7.1.3 Land development plan in Bonamatoumbe ······························· 158 7.1.4 Road improvement plan in Bonamatoumbe ······························ 163 7.2 Basic study condition ························································· 165 7.2.1 Basic condition ···························································· 165 7.2.2 Planning condition ························································· 165 7.3 Route study of the Djebale Bridge ··········································· 167 7.3.1 Methodology ······························································· 167 7.3.2 Alternative route study ···················································· 168 7.3.3 Vertical alignment ························································· 170 7.4 Access road and intersection study ·········································· 173 7.4.1 Access road study ·························································· 173 7.4.2 Study of intersection ······················································ 176 7.5 Soft soil treatment countermeasures ········································· 180 7.5.1 Soil conditions ····························································· 180 7.5.2 Design conditions for countermeasure study ···························· 181 7.5.3 Comparative study of countermeasure against soft ground ············· 182 7.6 Study of bridges ······························································· 184 7.6.1 Study flow ·································································· 184 7.6.2 Clarification of given conditions ········································· 184 7.6.3 Clarification of study conditions ········································· 191 7.6.4 Clarification of the conditions requiring attention ····················· 193 7.6.5 Basic bridge plan ·························································· 194 7.6.6 Selection of options for study ············································ 195 7.6.7 Evaluation of possible options ············································