Stephen B. Monsen Richard Stevens Chapter Nancy L. Shaw 23 Shrubs of Other Families Introduction _____________________________________ Numerous genera and species of shrubs occur throughout the Intermountain region in addition to those included in the Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Rosaceae families. Although shrubs are widespread throughout this region and dominate many areas, species richness is low compared to the shrub flora of the Pacific United States, Chile, western Australia, and South Africa (Stebbins 1975). Generally, evolution proceeds most rapidly when populations are isolated from one another and exposed to different environmental conditions (Dobzhansky 1970; Stebbins 1950); this is the case in the Intermountain region. However, fewer numbers of species within this region are, in part, due to the relatively recent advance and retreat of continental seas, drastic environmental changes, and instability that result in a high rate of extinction (Stebbins 1975). Most species included in this chapter have been used in revegeta- tion programs. Many other shrubs are recognized as important, but information related to their propagation, seed production, germination, or establishment by direct seeding is not available. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-136. 2004 597 Chapter 23 Shrubs of Other Families Chapter Contents by Species Acer glabrum (Rocky Mountain maple) ............................................................................................. 600 Rhus aromatica (Skunkbush sumac)................................................................................................. 608 Rhus glabra (Rocky Mountain smooth sumac) ................................................................................. 611 Mahonia aquifolium (Shining barberry) ........................................................................................... 613 Mahonia fremontii (Fremont barberry)............................................................................................. 614 Mahonia repens (Oregon grape, creeping barberry, mountain holly, creeping mahonia) .............. 614 Alnus incana (Thinleaf alder) ............................................................................................................ 616 Betula glandulosa (Bog birch)............................................................................................................ 618 Betula occidentalis (Water birch) ...................................................................................................... 620 Betula papyrifera (Paper birch) ......................................................................................................... 622 Lonicera ciliosa (Orange honeysuckle) .............................................................................................. 623 Lonicera involucrata (Bearberry honeysuckle) ................................................................................. 623 Lonicera utahensis (Utah honeysuckle) ............................................................................................ 624 Sambucus cerulea (Blue elderberry).................................................................................................. 624 Sambucus racemosa (Red elderberry) ............................................................................................... 625 Symphoricarpos albus (Common or white snowberry) ..................................................................... 627 Symphoricarpos longiflorus (Desert snowberry) .............................................................................. 627 Symphoricarpos occidentalis (Western snowberry, wolfberry) ........................................................ 628 Symphoricarpos oreophilus (Mountain snowberry) .......................................................................... 629 Cornus stolonifera (Redosier dogwood).............................................................................................. 630 Cupressus arizonica (Arizona cypress) .............................................................................................. 632 Juniperus horizontalis (Creeping juniper) ........................................................................................ 633 Juniperus osteosperma (Utah juniper) .............................................................................................. 635 Juniperus scopulorum (Rocky Mountain juniper) ............................................................................ 638 Elaeagnus commutata (Silverberry) .................................................................................................. 640 Shepherdia argenta (Silver buffaloberry).......................................................................................... 641 Shepherdia canadensis (Russet buffaloberry, soapberry) ................................................................ 642 Shepherdia rotundifolia (Roundleaf buffaloberry) ........................................................................... 643 Ephedra nevadensis (Nevada ephedra) ............................................................................................. 644 Ephedra viridis (Green ephedra) ....................................................................................................... 645 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Bearberry manzanita) ............................................................................... 646 Quercus gambelii (Gambel oak) ......................................................................................................... 648 Fraxinus anomala (Singleleaf ash) .................................................................................................... 650 Eriogonum heracleoides (Wyeth or whorled eriogonum, buckwheat).............................................. 652 Eriogonum umbellatum (Sulfur eriogonum, buckwheat) ................................................................. 653 Eriogonum wrightii (Wright eriogonum, buckwheat) ...................................................................... 654 Clematis ligusticifolia (Western virginsbower)................................................................................. 654 Ceanothus species ............................................................................................................................... 656 Ceanothus cuneatus (Wedgeleaf ceanothus) ..................................................................................... 656 Ceanothus greggii (Desert ceanothus) ............................................................................................... 657 Ceanothus integerrimus (Deerbrush ceanothus)............................................................................... 658 Ceanothus lemmonii (Lemmon ceanothus) ....................................................................................... 659 Ceanothus prostratus (Prostrate ceanothus) ..................................................................................... 659 Ceanothus martinii (Martin ceanothus) ............................................................................................ 661 Ceanothus sanguineus (Redstem ceanothus) .................................................................................... 662 Ceanothus velutinus (Snowbrush ceanothus) ................................................................................... 665 Salix species (Willow) ......................................................................................................................... 668 Salix bebbiana (Bebb willow, beaked willow) ................................................................................... 670 Salix boothii (Booth willow) ............................................................................................................... 672 598 USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-136. 2004 Chapter 23 Shrubs of Other Families Salix drummondiana (Drummond willow, beautiful willow, blue willow) ..................................... 673 Salix exigua (Coyote willow, dusky willow, narrowleaf willow, sandbar willow) ........................... 675 Salix geyeriana (Geyer willow) .......................................................................................................... 676 Salix glauca (Grayleaf willow, glaucous willow) .............................................................................. 677 Salix lasiandra var. caudata (Whiplash willow) .............................................................................. 679 Salix lasiolepis (Arroyo willow) ......................................................................................................... 680 Salix lutea (Yellow willow, shining willow) ...................................................................................... 681 Salix planifolia (Plainleaf willow) ..................................................................................................... 683 Salix scouleriana (Scouler willow, fire willow, black willow, mountain willow, nuttall willow) ... 684 Salix wolfii (Wolf willow) ................................................................................................................... 686 Philadelphus lewisii (Lewis mockorange) ......................................................................................... 687 Ribes aureum (Golden currant) ......................................................................................................... 689 Ribes cereum (Wax currant) ..............................................................................................................