This is a reproduction of a book from the McGill University Library collection. Title: History of England Author: Buckley, Arabella B. (Arabella Burton), 1840-1929 Publisher, year: Toronto : Copp, Clark, c1891 The pages were digitized as they were. The original book may have contained pages with poor print. Marks, notations, and other marginalia present in the original volume may also appear. For wider or heavier books, a slight curvature to the text on the inside of pages may be noticeable. ISBN of reproduction: 978-1-926846-75-0 This reproduction is intended for personal use only, and may not be reproduced, re-published, or re-distributed commercially. For further information on permission regarding the use of this reproduction contact McGill University Library. McGill University Library www.mcgill.ca/library •J i HISTORY OF ENGLAND. HISTORY OF ENGLAND, BY ARABELLA B. BUCKLEY, AND W J. ROBERTSON, B.A., LL.B. AND HISTORY OF CANADA, BY W. J. ROBERTSON, B.A., LL.B. Qnthoxizzb hg the Protestant Committee of the Council .of -public Instruction for the $robince of Quebec. TORONTO: THE COPP, CLARK COMPANY, LIMITED. Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-one, by THE OOPP, CLARK COMPACT (EAMIKHDX in the Office of the Minister of Agriculture. PREFACE IN the small space allowed me in this little book, I have tried to set before young readers a connected history of the rise and development of England. While giving as far as possible the chief facts required by students, I have been especially anxious to present a vivid picture of the life, the difficulties, and the achieve­ ments of our ancestors ; showing how our laws, our constitution, our trade, and our colonies have arisen. If this, short sketch opens the way to the study of more comprehensive histories, leading those now growing up into citizens of a widespread empire to take a lively interest in the past, present, and future of our nation, it will have done its work. At the same time, as it is necessary in school teaching that dates and facts should be firmly rooted in the memory, I ha/ve endeavoured, with the help of Messrs. Acland and Ransome's admirable Outlines, so to arrange the Table of Contents at the beginning of the volume that it may offer a clear abstract of the facts of each chapter, and also serve as a Chronological Table, giving the dates in their due succession. Among so many figures, both in the table and the text, there must inevitably be some errors in spite of every care. When any such are discovered, I shall be grateful to those who will point them out that they may be corrected. UPCOTT AVENEL, HlGHAMPTON. CANADIAN AUTHOR'S PREFACE. A brief explanation of the Canadian author's share in this History is, porhaps, desirable. The revision and classification of the matter of Miss Buckley's History of England has been carried out with a scrupulous regard to mamtaining intact the essential features of the work. Par­ ticular attention has been given to retaining the "woven whole" of the style and diction of the author, a style and diction at once simple, graphic, and interesting. Therefore, the changes made have been principally in the direction of the classification of the contents of the paragraphs, the excision of minor dates and names, and in the giving of fuller details of some important events and measures somewhat briefly treated by Miss Buckley. A s to the part of this work dealing with Canada, it is but fair to state that no attempt has been made to give a full and complete account of all the events that occur in our history. The "leading ever .ts" alone have been sketched; the task of giving important details being left to the intelligent teacher. No one feels more keerly than the author, the impossibility of giving in the space of eigh -y pages, an account of the growth and life of the Canadian people. An effort, however, has been made to give a fair and im­ partial outline, in language so simple as to be easily understood by the j unior pupils of our High Schools. W. J. ROBERTSON. ST. CATHARINES, June 1st, 1891. EH" m H £ G» fc O O % ^i >>* -S5 ^ « s fti o 1" o each fc * W Is W 1 H 8 §> H «0 »—( ^ OQ rO J»*3^ <N iH rH Q Si fc GO «} r52 -9- \A O •»o I ^ fc S* W £ fe ^ .a "5 oo -2 j-3 2 o £ 0 CM GQ !* -§* ^ •.•£ fc Vw e8 rH W, O © o ^3 <P Q/*eS B M W eS W H OS's 3 tf « o *rf (3 J> O 8 •12 GQ id's 5 •SCO 5 - fits-og M o *» -O u_ ft CD J O a s O «w H v o O <D > ft & > eg .3 a 3 go ft 00 -.O ft eS .2 S-8.2 pa M£ O . > 3" !* iaa PH 00 53 w iH J-~ Hw eo l-Jl o II > !* tf —>*•&& & Q> bora <3 G — r— E u OV2 g l-l H cj l-i O 7^ HH "^ 03 e3 ~ w. g GENEALOGIES1 PAGE SOVEREIGNS OF ENGLAND—General Outline ... vi RACES OF EARLY BRITAIN . xxxiv SOVEREIGNS FROM THE CONQUEST TO GREAT CHARTER . 32 SOVEREIGNS FROM GREAT CHARTER TO HOUSE OF LANCASTER . 60 SOVEREIGNS OF LANCASTER AND YORK 91 SOVEREIGNS OF THE HOUSE OF TUDOR . 112 SOVEREIGNS OF THE HOUSE OF STUART . , 150 SOVEREIGNS OF THE HOUSE OF HANOVER .... 232 MAPS MAP I. ENGLISH KINGDOMS IN 600 Facing page 8 II. ENGLAND AND THE DANELAGH << 18 III. DOMINION OF THE ANGEVINS <( 48 IV. MAP OF HUNDRED YEARS' WAR « 78 V. BATTLES AND SIEGES OF THE CIVIL WAR a 172 VI. INDIA IN THE TIME OF CLIVE tc 244 VII. NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES AT DE­ CLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE u 258 VIII. AUSTRALASIA ... (( 288 ' Ini these genealogies no attempt is made to give all the ohildren of each kimr Only those are named who are concerned in the succession to the throne. *' ule&etta Qrc^A CONTENTS ARRANGED IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER WITH DATES. (In referring from this table to the text, make use of the dates in the side notes.) PART I. EARLY BRITAIN AND OLD ENGLAND. CHAPTER I. EARLY BRITAIN. ENGLAND defined—Britain before England—Paleolithic men— Neolithic men—Cromlechs—Celts—Visits of Phoenicians, sixth B. c. century B. c.—Invasions of Julius Csesar, B. C. 55-54—Homes 55 of Britons—Druid religion—Roman Conquest, A. D. 43— to Caractacus, A. D. 50—Boadicea, A. D. 61—Three hundred years A. D. of Roman rule—Romans leave, A. D. 401-410 —Picts and Scots 410 grow troublesome . • . Pages 1-7 CHAPTER II. HOW THE ENGLISH CAME. Saxon pirates in fourth century—Landing of Jutes in 449 Britain, 449—Kingdom of Kent founded, 449—Arrival Of Saxons 477—King Arthur defeats the Saxons, 520—Saxon Settlements, Essex, Wessex, etc.—Settlements of Angles— to Northumbria, 603—East Anglia and Mercia— Terms Welsh and English—Early English villages—Eorls and ceorls—Laets CONTENTS. and slaves—Compurgation and ordeal—Folkmoot and Witan- gemot—Kings elected, with thegns for bodyguard—Heathen gods—Conversion to Christianity of Ethelbert of Kent, 597 627 —Of Edwin of Northumbria, 627—Irish Missions, 634-664— 673 English Church organised, 673—Origin of towns—Rise of monasteries and towns—Bede the historian, 673-735— 839 Egbert of Wessex Lord of all the English, 802-839. Pages 7-14 CHAPTER III. STRUGGLE BETWEEN ENGLISH AND DANES. 789 Invasion of Danes or Northmen, 789-879—Ethelwulf of Wessex fails to check them, 839-858—Ethebald, Ethelbert, Ethelred I. struggle against them, 858-871. 871 ALFRED THE GREAT, 871-901—After seven years' fighting is forced to hide in the marshes—Returns, defeats 879 the Danes, and forces them to sign Treaty of Wedmore 878 —Alfred's government—He translates works—Encourages education—Forms a navy—Collects and improves the laws —Promotes foreign trade and travel—Peter's Pence—Alfred 901 dies, 901. Making of England under Alfred's family—Edward the Elder, 901-925, and his sister Ethelfled conquer the Danelagh —Athelstan, 925; Edmund, 940; Edred, 946; Edwy, 955; gradually conquer the northern counties—Edgar the Peace­ 959 able, 959-975, has Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury, as minister—Increased power of king—Shire-reeves his officers His thegns numerous—Ceorls sink into villeins—Frith-guilds —Yeomen—Great nobles and bishops—Danes and English settle down together—Firm government of Dunstan—Laws of Edgar—Lothian put under Kenneth, King of the Scots=In­ 975 crease of trade—The land first called Engla-land—Edward the Martyr, 975-979—Fall of Dunstan, 978—He dies, 988. 979 ETHELRED THE UNREADY, 979-1016—Quarrels with his thegns—Second Danish invasion, 991—Danegeld first 1002 levied, 991—Massacre of Danes, 1002—Sweyn's revenge— Ethelred flies to Normandy—Government divided between Cnut, Sweyn's son, and Edmund Ironside, son of Ethelred— Edmund dies, 1016. CONTENTS. XI <3NUT THE DANE elected king, 1017—Divides England 1017 into four earldoms—Eighteen years of peace, 1016-1035— Cnut's sons, Harold, 1035, and Harthacnut. 1040, rule badly— On death of Harthacnut the English recall Ethelred's son Edward, 1042 Pages 15-24 1042 CHAPTER IV. NORMAN INFLUENCE IN ENGLAND. EDWARD THE CONFESSOR, son of Ethelred the 1042 Unready, and Emma of Normandy—Origin and character of Normans—Edward favours Norman nobles—Earl Godwin of Wessex outlawed, 1051—William of Normandy visits 1051 Edward, 1051 -Godwin returns and Norman favourites flee to France, 1052—Harold, Godwin's son, rules in Edward's name, 1053—Welsh king subdued—Northumbrian 1053 rebellion—Tostig, Harold's brother, outlawed, 1065—Harold's oath in Normandy—Death of Edward, 1066.