Libya Oil Almanac An OpenOil Reference Guide 1 2 Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................... 7 Energy Industry Background Definition of reserves.......................................................................................................... 9 Dependency on oil revenues.............................................................................................10 Energy Governance Weak Points......................................................................................11 History of Libyan Oil and Gas Industry Oil Industry pre-1969......................................................................................................... 14 Oil Industry Under Gaddafi............................................................................................... 15 Libya's Membership of OPEC............................................................................................. 18 Sanctions Against Libya..................................................................................................... 21 Reintegration into the International Community..........................................................24 Corruption.......................................................................................................................... 26 Libyan Energy Governance Overview of Libyan Regulation.........................................................................................30 EPSA III................................................................................................................................ 32 EPSA IV Licensing Round.................................................................................................. 32 Current State of Oil and Gas Sector Libyan Hydrocarbon Reserves.......................................................................................... 36 Oil Sector............................................................................................................................. 37 Gas Sector........................................................................................................................... 39 Oil and Gas Fields Geology Overview.............................................................................................................. 41 Overview of Biggest Producing Fields..............................................................................43 List of Others...................................................................................................................... 47 Key Infrastructure Western Libya Gas Project................................................................................................. 48 Ras Lanuf Refinery............................................................................................................. 50 Zawia Refinery.................................................................................................................... 51 Tobruk Refinery................................................................................................................. 52 Brega Refinery and Natural Gas Plant..............................................................................53 Sarir Topping Facility........................................................................................................ 54 Petrochemicals................................................................................................................... 54 Shipping.............................................................................................................................. 56 Fully State-Owned Entities National Oil Corporation................................................................................................... 59 Sirte Oil Company.............................................................................................................. 63 Arabian Gulf Oil Company................................................................................................. 64 3 Refining and Marketing Companies.................................................................................65 Joint Venture Companies Waha Oil Company............................................................................................................. 67 Mellitah Oil and Gas........................................................................................................... 68 Zuetina Oil Company......................................................................................................... 69 Harouge Oil Operations..................................................................................................... 70 Akakoss Petroleum Operations......................................................................................... 72 Mabruk Oil.......................................................................................................................... 73 Libyan Overseas Investments Libyan Sovereign Wealth Fund......................................................................................... 75 Tamoil................................................................................................................................. 77 International Entities Overview of International Entities................................................................................... 80 IOCs Producing................................................................................................................... 80 IOCs Exploring.................................................................................................................... 81 BP......................................................................................................................................... 82 ConocoPhillips.................................................................................................................... 85 Eni........................................................................................................................................ 89 ExxonMobil......................................................................................................................... 92 Gazprom.............................................................................................................................. 95 Hess..................................................................................................................................... 99 Marathon.......................................................................................................................... 103 Occidental......................................................................................................................... 106 OMV................................................................................................................................... 109 PetroCanada/Suncor....................................................................................................... 113 Repsol................................................................................................................................ 117 Statoil................................................................................................................................ 121 Total S.A............................................................................................................................ 124 Wintershall....................................................................................................................... 128 Resource Transparency Opportunities Resource Curse................................................................................................................. 133 Resource Transparency Movement................................................................................136 EITI.................................................................................................................................... 138 Natural Resource Charter................................................................................................ 141 Transparency of Global Oil Companies (TI Report)......................................................143 Global Witness.................................................................................................................. 145 Revenue Watch Institute................................................................................................. 146 Transparency International............................................................................................ 147 Appendix Libyan Draft Constitutional Charter for the Transitional Stage.................................148 Libya 1955 Petroleum Law............................................................................................... 158 4 5 Major oil and gas fields and infrastructure in Libya 6 Introduction The Libya Oil Almanac has been created to significantly increase the stock of information available in local languages among journalists, civil society act- ors, government officials and others. The Almanac provides a living database of publicly available information around the Libyan oil industry, from both domestic and international perspectives, and will form the basis for a locally based knowledge community on these issues. The first edition of the Almanac has been prepared for Revenue Watch Institute by OpenOil UG. It is anticipated that the Almanac will provide the basis for a series of capacity building workshops