Table of Contents Foreword.............................................................................................................................................xvi Preface.................................................................................................................................................xix Acknowledgment.............................................................................................................................xxvii Section 1 Media, Democracy and Political Transitions Chapter 1 Media,Democracy,andPoliticalChangeinDevelopingCountries....................................................... 1 Lynete Lusike Mukhongo, Moi University, Kenya Juliet Wambui Macharia, Moi University, Kenya Chapter 2 Kenya’sDifficultPoliticalTransitionsEthnicityandtheRoleofMedia.............................................. 12 Wilson Ugangu, Multimedia University of Kenya Chapter 3 MediaasPoliticalActorsinTimesofPoliticalCrisis.......................................................................... 25 Phillip Santos, National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe Mthokozisi P Ndhlovu, National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe Chapter 4 ThePressandtheEmergentPoliticalClassinNigeria:Media,Elections,andDemocracy................ 45 Ibitayo Samuel Popoola, University of Lagos, Nigeria Chapter 5 FreeSpeech,PressFreedom,andDemocracyinGhanaAConceptualandHistoricalOverview....... 59 Murtada Busair Ahmad, Kwara State University, Nigeria Chudey Pride, Kwara State University, Nigeria Anthony Komlatse Corsy, Kwara State University, Nigeria    Section 2 Media, Participation and Political Debates in Developing Countries Chapter 6 ThePoliticalSignificanceandInfluenceofTalkRadioDebatesinKenya.......................................... 75 Joyce Omwoha, The Technical University of Kenya, Kenya Chapter 7 CommunicatingDemocracythroughParticipatoryRadioinNigeria:TheQuestionofPolitical Economy............................................................................................................................................... 97 Murtada Busair Ahmad, Kwara State University, Nigeria Kamaldin Abdulsalam Babatunde, Kwara State University, Nigeria Chapter 8 Mousa-AboulfotouhtheFirstArabPresidentialDebateinHistory.................................................... 113 Mai Samir El-Falaky, Arab Academy for Science and Technology, College of Language and Communication, Egypt Chapter 9 InterviewingforTelevision:AForgeryofPracticeandInfluence..................................................... 132 Evans Matu Nguri, Moi University, Kenya Section 3 New Media Technologies and Politics Chapter 10 BeyondWeb2.0.SocialMediaandUrbanEducatedYouthsParticipationinKenyanPolitics......... 156 Julius Mwashimba M. Kirigha, National Museums of Kenya, Kenya Lynete Lusike Mukhongo, Moi University, Kenya Robert Masinde, Moi University, Kenya Chapter 11 LocalGovernanceandInformationCommunicationTechnologies(ICTs)inRuralKenya............... 175 Alfred Akwala, Moi University, Kenya Chapter 12 HateSpeechandCompetitivePolitics:YouthGangsandElectoralViolenceinKenya’sMultiparty Era....................................................................................................................................................... 184 Sophie Muluka, Moi University, Kenya  Section 4 Gender, Media, and Politics Chapter 13 MediaEthicsandElectionsCoverageinNigeria:UnderstandingtheContextandImperatives fromaGenderPerspective.................................................................................................................. 200 Abigail Ogwezzy-Ndisika, University of Lagos, Nigeria Ismail Adegboyega Ibraheem, University of Lagos, Nigeria Babatunde Adesina Faustino, University of Lagos, Nigeria Chapter 14 GenderedMediaandPoliticalCommunicationinAfrica:TheKenyanExperience.......................... 216 Juliet Wambui Macharia, Moi University, Kenya Chapter 15 GenderResponsiveElectionCoverageinNigeria:AScoreCardof2011GeneralElections........... 234 Abigail Odozi Ogwezzy-Ndisika, University of Lagos, Nigeria Babatunde Adeshina Faustino, University of Lagos, Nigeria Chapter 16 TheRoleofMassMediainWomen’sParticipationin2013KenyaGeneralElection....................... 250 Thomas Ibrahim Okinda, Moi University, Kenya Compilation of References............................................................................................................... 271 About the Contributors.................................................................................................................... 297 Index................................................................................................................................................... 301 .