Geochemistry of the Upper Floridan Aquifer and Avon Park Permeable Zone Within the South Florida Water Management District Technical Publication WS-47 August 2018 Elizabeth Geddes, P.G. Stacey Coonts Brian Collins Resource Evaluation Section, Water Supply Bureau South Florida Water Management District | 3301 Gun Club Road | West Palm Beach, FL 33406 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the Hydrogeology and Water Supply Planning Unit staff of the SFWMD Water Supply Bureau for sharing their expertise, direction, and ongoing support that made this investigation possible. Drs. Len Vacher, Mark Rains, Ping Wang, Thomas Juster, and Matthew Pasek (University of South Florida) provided several helpful suggestions for improvement of the manuscript as did Simon Sunderland, P.G. (SFWMD Regulation) and Pete Kwiatkowski, P.G. Thank you to Stephanie Lister (Florida Atlantic University) for the countless hours of data analyses, and last, but by no means least, Natalie Kraft, for her enduring editorial patience. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures .............................................................................................................................................. ii Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... iii Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Regional Geology and Hydrogeology ....................................................................................................... 4 SFWMD Water Supply Planning Regions ................................................................................................ 7 Central Florida Water Initiative and Upper Kissimmee Basin ............................................................. 7 Lower Kissimmee Basin ..................................................................................................................... 10 Upper East Coast ................................................................................................................................ 10 Lower East Coast ................................................................................................................................ 12 Lower West Coast ............................................................................................................................... 12 Geochemical Overview ........................................................................................................................... 12 Methods ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 Water Quality Sampling .......................................................................................................................... 13 Hydrochemical Facies ............................................................................................................................. 14 Geographic Information System ............................................................................................................. 15 Water Quality Results .............................................................................................................................. 15 Data Analyses ............................................................................................................................................ 18 Water Quality Changes in UFA Stations ................................................................................................ 18 BICY-MZ2.......................................................................................................................................... 18 BSU-MZU .......................................................................................................................................... 19 IWSD-MZ2 ......................................................................................................................................... 20 L-6436 ................................................................................................................................................. 21 LAB-MZ1 ........................................................................................................................................... 22 MIU-MZ1 ........................................................................................................................................... 23 Water Quality Changes in APPZ Stations .............................................................................................. 24 BSU-MZL ........................................................................................................................................... 24 G-2617 ................................................................................................................................................ 25 LAB-MZ3 ........................................................................................................................................... 26 L2-PW1 ............................................................................................................................................... 27 PBF-4 .................................................................................................................................................. 28 WASANMZ2 ...................................................................................................................................... 29 Discussion .................................................................................................................................................. 29 Upper Floridan Aquifer ........................................................................................................................... 29 Avon Park Permeable Zone .................................................................................................................... 30 Comparison with USACE Results .......................................................................................................... 30 Recommendations ..................................................................................................................................... 31 Literature Cited ........................................................................................................................................ 32 i Appendix A: Geodatabase ...................................................................................................................... A-1 Appendix B: Upper Floridan Aquifer Results ..................................................................................... B-1 Appendix C: Avon Park Permeable Zone Results ............................................................................... C-1 Appendix D: Aquifer Data Maps ........................................................................................................... D-1 Appendix E: Site Summaries ................................................................................................................. E-1 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Distribution of UFA and APPZ wells in the RFGW monitoring network within the SFWMD. ................................................................................................................................... 7 Table 2. List of water quality parameters. ............................................................................................. 13 Table 3. Classification of hydrochemical facies. ................................................................................... 14 Table 4. Summary of water types, date ranges, and number of sampling events for RFGW baseline stations completed in the UFA. ................................................................................. 16 Table 5. Summary of water types, date ranges, and number of sampling events for RFGW baseline stations completed in the APPZ. ............................................................................... 17 Table 6. Descriptive statistics of water quality results for all RFGW monitor stations completed in the UFA. ............................................................................................................ 17 Table 7. Descriptive statistics of water quality results for all RFGW monitor stations completed in the APPZ. ........................................................................................................... 17 Table 8. Comparison of results from this study with results from the USACE (2015) report. ............. 31 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Location and status of RFGW monitoring stations completed in the UFA. .............................. 2 Figure 2. Location and status of RFGW monitoring stations completed in the APPZ. ............................ 3 Figure 3. Generalized cross-section of the FAS in central and southern Florida. .................................... 4 Figure 4. Isopach map of the UFA. .......................................................................................................... 5 Figure 5. Isopach map of the APPZ. ......................................................................................................... 6 Figure 6. Map of water supply planning regions