Glasgow City Council Local Air Quality Management Progress Report October 2005 Executive Summary 5 1.0 Background information 6 1.1 Purpose and Role of Progress Report 6 1.2 Air Quality Strategy Objectives & Relevant Public Exposure 6 1.3 Sources of Air Pollution 9 1.4 Summary of Review and Assessment 10 2.0 Summary of monitoring undertaken 12 2.0.1 Automatic Monitoring 12 2.0.2 Non-automatic Monitoring 14 2.1 Monitoring Methodology and Data 17 2.1.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 17 2.1.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) 29 2.1.3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 38 2.1.4 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 45 2.1.5 Lead 50 2.1.6 Benzene 52 2.1.7 1, 3-Butadiene 55 2.2 New Monitoring Sites 56 2.2.1 Horiba Mobile Unit (Battlefield) 56 2.3 Unregulated Pollutant monitoring 58 2.3.1 Ozone 58 3.0 New Developments 60 3.1 Industrial Processes 60 3.1.1 Part A installations 60 3.1.2 Part B installations 62 3.2 New Transport Developments 62 3.2.1 New/Proposed Road Developments 63 3.2.1.1 Proposed M74 extension 63 3.2.1.2 East End Regeneration Route (EERR) 65 3.2.1.3 Finnieston Street Road Bridge 67 3.2.2 Significant changes to existing roads 68 3.2.2.1 Pre-LRT Project 68 3.3 New Residential, Commercial and Public Developments 69 3.3.1 Queen’s Dock 2 (QD2) Development 69 3.3.2 Pacific Quay 71 3.3.3 Glasgow Harbour Project 72 4.0 Additional Information 74 4.1 Update on the Air Quality Action Plan 74 4.2 New monitoring equipment 80 4.3 Planning applications and policies 80 4.4 Local Transport Plans and Strategies 80 5.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 82 6.0 References & Useful Websites 83 7.0 Further Information 84 2 List of Tables Page No. 1.1 Examples of locations where the AQOs should apply in terms of the set 7 averaging period 1.2 The National Air Quality Strategy objectives for the seven key pollutants 8 in Scotland 1.3 Main air pollutants of concern 9 2.1 Glasgow’s SO2 monitoring locations 15 2.2 Glasgow locations assessed for exceedences of the NAQS objectives for 19 NO2 together with predicted background concentrations for 2005 2.3 Determination of Bias-correction factor for 2004 20 2.4 NO2 levels detected by diffusion tubes at kerbside sites out with the city centre 21 2.5 NO2 levels detected by diffusion tubes at roadside sites out with the city centre 22 2.6 NO2 levels detected by diffusion tubes at urban background sites out with the 23 city centre 2.7 NO2 levels detected by diffusion tubes at kerbside sites within the city centre 24 2.8 NO2 levels detected by diffusion tubes at roadside sites within the city centre 25 2.9 NO2 levels detected by diffusion tubes at urban centre sites within the city centre 25 2.10 Annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at AURN sites 26 2.11 PM10 air quality objectives 30 2.12 Background PM10 concentrations 31 2.13 Glasgow locations assessed for exceedences of the NAQS objectives for PM10 33 together with predicted background concentrations for 2005 & 2010 2.14 Results of monitoring for PM10 at Glasgow Kerbside 36 2.15 Results of monitoring for PM10 at Glasgow Centre 36 2.16 Estimated PM10 annual mean concentrations (gravimetric) 37 2.17 Maximum daily mean SO2 concentration determined by 8-port bubblers 43 2.18 Carbon monoxide data for Glasgow City Chambers 47 2.19 Carbon monoxide data for Glasgow Centre 47 2.20 Carbon monoxide data for Glasgow Kerbside 47 2.21 Lead levels measured at various Glasgow locations 51 2.22 Annual means of measured benzene concentrations 55 2.23 Annual means of measured 1, 3-Butadiene concentrations 56 2.24 Monthly maximum ozone concentrations at Glasgow Centre 58 2.25 Summary of ozone data 59 3.1 Existing industrial processes (Part A) with a high potential to emit NAQS pollutants 61 3.2 Part B processes (previously Part A) 62 3 List of Figures Page No. 2.1 Locations of all automatic monitoring sites, except Glasgow 3 12 (Waulkmillglen reservoir) 2.2 NO2 diffusion tubes located out with Glasgow’s AQMA 14 2.3 Glasgow’s SO2 monitoring locations 15 2.4 Location of metal monitoring sites in Glasgow 16 2.5 Sources of NOx in Glasgow 18 2.7 Annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at AURN sites 27 2.8 Number of exceedences of 1hr mean objective for NO2 at AURN stations (Glasgow) 28 2.9 Sources of PM10 in Glasgow 31 2.10 Areas of Glasgow (2005) where the annual mean background concentration of 34 -3 PM10 is predicted to exceed 18 µgm 2.11 Areas of Glasgow (2010) where the annual mean background concentration of 35 -3 PM10 is predicted to exceed 18 µgm 2.12 Sources of SO2 in Glasgow 38 2.13 SO2 concentrations in Baillieston (8-port bubbler) 40 2.14 SO2 concentrations in Dalmarnock (8-port bubbler) 40 2.15 SO2 concentrations in Springburn (8-port bubbler) 41 2.16 SO2 concentrations in Montrose St (8-port bubbler) 41 2.17 SO2 concentrations in Cardonald (8-port bubbler) 42 2.18 SO2 concentrations in Carmyle (8-port bubbler) 42 2.19 Maximum SO2 concentrations at Glasgow Centre (AURN) 43 2.20 Automatic analyser & 8-port bubbler comparison 44 2.21 Sources of Carbon monoxide in Glasgow 45 2.22 Total UK emissions of Carbon monoxide (1973-2002) 46 2.23 Maximum 8hr means at AURN sites in Glasgow 48 2.24 Average Carbon monoxide concentrations in Glasgow (1989-2004) 49 2.25 Sources of Lead in Glasgow 50 2.26 Sources of Benzene in Glasgow 53 2.27 Benzene diffusion tube results 54 2.28 Sources of 1,3 -Butadiene in Glasgow 55 2.29 Maximum 8hr mean concentrations of ozone 59 3.1 Glasgow’s main road network 63 3.2 Proposed route of M74 extension 64 3.3 Aerial view of the proposed route of the EERR 67 3.4 Aerial photograph of the proposed route of the EERR 67 3.5 View of the proposed Finnieston Bridge 68 4 Executive Summary Progress Reports have been introduced into the Review and Assessment process to ensure continuity in the implementation of Local Air Quality Management. The main objective is to provide an annual review and update on air quality issues by reporting progress on implementing Local Air Quality Management in the local authority’s area and progress in achieving, or maintaining concentrations below the air quality objectives. This report provides a summary of all available monitoring data for the purpose of comparison with the relevant air quality objectives and details results for new monitoring sites, as well as highlighting any evidence of trends over recent years. In addition, progresses on measures that have been undertaken as part of the Air Quality Action Plan are summarised. Industrial There are a small number of industrial processes in Glasgow that have the potential to emit significant quantities of pollutants, but it is believed that no new industrial processes have commenced operation or have changed significantly since the last round of Review & Assessment. Glasgow City Council proposes to introduce a monitoring programme to assess ambient concentrations of PM10 at relevant locations in the vicinity of specific industrial processes. The results from this monitoring programme and air-dispersion modelling from each location will be presented in future review and assessment documents. Commercial/Residential New Residential, Commercial and Public Developments that are considered in the report to warrant further assessment include: • Queen’s Dock 2 (QD2) Development (Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre site) • Pacific Quay, which is a 60 acre site on the south side of Glasgow and is already home to Glasgow Science Centre, an IMAX cinema and the city’s innovative Glasgow Tower. As part of the Clyde Waterfront regeneration plan, it will be turned into a "digital media campus" and business park. Construction began on-site in 2004, the area will accommodate the new headquarters for BBC Scotland, the Scottish Media Group and Film City Glasgow. • Glasgow Harbour is the name given to the redevelopment of 49 hectares of former ship yards, docks, warehouses and granaries fronting the River Clyde and the River Kelvin south of Clydeside Expressway, between the SECC and the Clyde Tunnel. Transportation New transportation developments that are considered in the report to warrant further assessment include: • Finnieston Road Bridge. • East End regeneration route • M74 extension These issues will require to be assessed in more detail by Glasgow City Council and careful consideration will be given to the air quality in the areas which are being or are due to be developed. All relevant information will be reported in more detail in the next full round of review and assessment. 5 1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1.1 Purpose and Role of the Progress Report Progress Reports have been introduced into the Review and Assessment process to ensure continuity in the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) process. It will allow air quality monitoring data and local development changes that may impact on air quality to be assessed on a regular basis and provide an early indication of whether measures are required to improve air quality. The main objective is to provide an annual review and update on air quality issues by reporting progress on implementing Local Air Quality Management in the local authority’s area and progress in achieving, or maintaining, concentrations below the air quality objectives.