ISSN 0083-7903, 65 (Print) ISSN 2538-1016; 65 (Online) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: The Molluscan Genera Cymatona and Fusitriton (Gastropoda, Family Cymatiidae) by A. G. BEU New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 65 1978 NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: The Molluscan Genera Cymatona and Fusitriton (Gastropoda, Family Cymatiidae) by A. G. BEU New Zealand Geological Survey, DSIR, Lower Hutt New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 65 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Citation according to ''World List of Scientific Periodicals" (4th edn.): Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 65 Received for publication September 1973 © Crown Copyright 1978 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ CONTENTS Page Abstract . � 5 INTRODUCTION 5 4AXONOMY 10 Family CYMATIIDAE 10 Genus Cymatona 10 Cymatona kampyla 10 Cymatona kampyla kampyla 12 Cymatona kampyla tomlini . 18 Cymatona kampyla jobbernsi 18 Genus Fusitriton 18 Fusitriton cancellatus 22 Fusitriton cancellatus retiolus 22 Fusitriton cance/latus laudandus 23 ECOLOGY . 25 Benthic sampling programme of N.Z. Oceanographic Institute 25 Sampling methods 25 Distribution anomalies 25 Distribution 26 Distribution with depth 26 Distribution with latitude 27 Distribution with sediment type 27 Ecological conclusions 33 Dispersal times and routes of Fusitriton, and their effect on Cymatona 34 Dispersal and distribution 34 Ecological displacement of Cymatona kampyla kampyla 35 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 36 REFERENCES 36 APPENDIX 1: Station List 38 APPENDIX 2: Dimensions of Cymatona 41 APPENDIX 3: Dimensions of Fusitriton 42 INDEX 44 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ FIGURES Figs 4, 10, 11, and 12, printed on art paper, are out of sequence. 1 NZOI stations containing live Cymatona kampyla kampy!a and Fusitriton cancellatus laudandus 6 2 NZOI stations containing empty shells of Cymatona kampyla kampyla, C. k. tomlini, and Fusitriton cancellatus laudandus 7 3 NZOI stations in the N.Z. region 8 4 Cymatona kampyla kampyla, C. k. jobbernsi, and C. k. tomlini 13 5 Scatter diagram comparing height with diameter for Cymatona kampyla I I 6 Radulae of Cymatona kampyla kampyla and Fusitriton cancellatus laudandus 15 7 Protoconch, operculum, and anterior end of Cymatona kampyla kampyla and Fusitriton cancellatus laudandus I 6 · 8 Scatter diagram comparing number of axial ribs with height for Fusitriton 19 9 Scatter diagram comparing height with diameter for Fusitriton 21 10 Fusitriton cancellatus laudandus and F. c. retiolus 14 11 Fusitriton cancellatus laudandus, F. c. retiolus, F. c. cancellatus, and Cymatona kampyla kampyla 31 12 Specimens from one population of Fusitriton cancellatus laudandus 32 13 Frequency diagram: Cymatona and Fusitriton as a function of depth 28 14 Frequency diagram: Cymatona and Fusitriton as a function of latitude 30 15 Frequency diagram: Cymatona and Fusitriton as a function of sediment type 34 TABLES 1 Numbers of live and dead Cymatona kampyla kampyla and Fusitriton cancel- latus laudandus according to depth and methods of collection 29 2 Numbers of live and dead Cymatona kampyla kampyla and Fusitriton cancel- latus laudandus according to latitude and methods of collection 33 3 Numbers of live and dead Cymatoma kampyla kampyla and Fusitriton cancellatus laudandus dredged and trawled fromvarious sediment types 35 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ The Marine Fauna of New .Zealand: The Molluscan Genera Cymatona and Fusitriton (Gastropoda, Family Cymatiidae) by A. G. BEU N.Z. Geological Survey, DSIR, Lower Hutt ABSTRACT Cymatona kampyla (Watson) is widespread· in New Zealand and south-eastern Australia, and the followingsubspecies are recognised: C. kampyla kampyla (Watson), Recent, south-eastern Australia, and New Zealand and its subantarctic islands but not Macquarie Island; C. kampyla tomlini Powell, Recent, Macquarie Island; and C. kampyla jobbernsi (King), Pliocene and Pleistocene, central New Zealand. Radulae vary greatly, and Australian and New Zealand living populations show no con­ sistent differences in shape or in radular features. Fusitriton variation is plotted graphically; and Recent forms are classified as: distinct species-F. galea Kuroda and Habe, Japan; and F. oregonensis (Redfield), California to Japan; geographic subspecies-F. cancellatus cancellatus (Lamarck), South America; F. cancel!atus laudandus Finlay, around New Zealand from the Three Kings Islands to Macquarie Island; F. cancellatus murrayi (E. A. Smith), South Africa; and F. cancellatus retiolus (Hedley), south-eastern Australia.* The ecology of Cymatona and Fusitriton is discussed in terms of distribution (live and dead) with depth, latitude, and sediment type. Whereas Cymatona is endemic to Australia and New Zealand, Fusitriton has no fossil history there and did not reach the area until late Pleistocene or early Holo­ cene. The abundance of relict dead shells of Cymatona is thought to have been caused by its ecological replacement by Fusitriton during that time. INTRODUCTION The Family Cymatiidae contains moderate-sized to very top (posterior) end of the aperture that characterises the large, coarsely sculptured, varicate Mesogastropoda. Its closely related Family Bursidae, and by the details of the members are recognisable by having two or fewer varices taenioglossan radular teeth. on each whorl of the shell, by the unusually well Most members of the family live on intertidal rocks developed periostracum that almost always bears and coral reefs or on the continental shelf. The only prominent bristles, by the horny operculum, by the large bathyal genera in New Zealand are Cymatona and multispiral protoconch (usually lost in adults, except in Fusitriton, although Rane/la has sometimes been dredged Cymatona); by the lack ofthe deep excurrent notchat the beyond the edge of the shelf. Elsewhere in the world Ranella, Sassia ( =Phanozesta), Gyrineum ( Biplex), Fusitriton, and Distorsio ( Rhysema) are commonly *Note added in proof found in bathyal depths. The shallow-water members of Cernohorsky (Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 14 the family generally have unusually wide geographic (1977), p. 107) has pointed out that the correct name for the species here called Fusitriton cancellatus (Lamarck) is Fusitriton ranges for benthic gastropods, as they have long pelagic mage/kmicus (Roding). larval lives, and some of the widely distributed species N.Z. Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 65. 1978. 44p. ISSN 0083-7903 5 Inset I This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ ° ° 160 E 165° 170° 175 W �.a-, AOOO - "):)<) � �,I::, <;::::,. ,� 35°S '56 � .eJ {)� 40° TASMANBAS/No 45° 0 50° LIVE • fusitriton cancel/atus laudandus 0 Cymatona kampyla kampyla A C.k kampyla and F.c. laudandus 55° Contours in metres Figure 1 Distribution of NZOI benthic stations containing live Cymatona kampyla kampyla and Fusitriton cancellatus laudand11s. Note For "Fusitriton cancellat11s laudandus" read "Fusitriton magellanicus laudandus". 6 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ ° 6 165 170 175'W 35'S 0 40° TASMANBASIN 0 45' TROUGH (2/J 50' {) �17· �-"""' CAMPBELL PLATEAU DEAD eFusitriton cancellatus /audandus OCymatona kampylakampyla 0 Cymatona kampyla tomlini b. C.k. kampyla and F.c. Jaudandus 55° Contours in metres Figure 2 Distribution of NZOI benthic stations containing empty shells of Cymatona kampyla kampyla, C. k. tomlini, and Fusitriton cance/latus laudandus. Note For "Fusitriton cancel!atus la11dand11s" read "Fusitriton magellanicus laudandus". This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ ° 50 SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC BASIN Contour.s In metres Figure 3 Distribution of NZ 01 benthic slat·10ns in th e New Zealand regio n. 8 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ have undergone considerable geographic subspeciation. Zealand before Dell (1956, p. 83) recorded its rare The present study shows that geographic subspeciation occurrence, but Tomlin (1948, p. 228) and Powell (1955, is also well developed in at least some of the bathyal p. 97) had previously recorded a form of Cymatona from members. offMacquarie Island. Dell had only a fewspecimens of Fusitriton cancellatus laudandus Finlay was first Cymatona, but Dawson (1965, p. 49, 50) later stated that recorded fromNew Zealand as a single beach shell, under it is common throughout the New Zealand Subantarctic, the name