Country Fact Sheets Turkey The Human Development Index – going beyond income The human development index (HDI) focuses on three measurable dimensions of human development: living a long and healthy life, being educated and having a decent standard of living. Thus it combines measures of life expectancy, school enrolment, literacy and income to allow a broader view of a country’s development than does income alone. Although the HDI is a useful starting point, it is important to remember that the concept of human development is much broader and more complex than any summary measure can capture, even when supplemented by other indices. The HDI is not a comprehensive measure. It does not include important aspects of human development, notably the ability to participate in the decisions that affect one’s life and to enjoy the respect of others in the community. It is also important to note that the HDI is constructed using data from international sources. Sometimes more up-to-date data are available nationally, and sometimes there are slight differences in definitions between international and national data. For these and other reasons, discrepancies with national sources may occur. HDI GDP per GDP per GDP per HDI rank capita capita capita value 2003 rank (PPP value 2003 (177 2003 US$) (PPP US$) countries) (177 rank 2003 countries) minus HDI rank (higher means better on HDI) Turkey 94 76 -18 6,772 0.750 Southern Europe Countries Best performer in Southern Europe 29 31 2 18,776 0.891 (Cyprus) Worst performer in Southern Europe 94 76 -18 6,772 0.750 (Turkey) Turkey is ranked 94th in the 2005 Human Development Report, with an HDI value of 0.750. Cyprus ranks first in the region, with a value of 0.891. Life expectancy at Combined primary, GDP per capita birth secondary and (PPP US$) (years) tertiary gross 2003 2003 enrolment ratio (%) 2002/2003 1. Japan (82.0) 1. United Kingdom (123) 1. Luxembourg (62,298) 2. Hong Kong, China (SAR) 2. Australia (116) 2. Ireland (37,738) (81.6) 3. Belgium (114) 3. Norway (37,670) 3. Iceland (80.7) 108. China (69) 72. Panama (6,854) 97. Morocco (69.7) 109. Iran, Islamic Rep. of (69) 73. Dominican Republic (6,823) 98. Nicaragua (69.7) 110. Sri Lanka (69) 74. Macedonia, TFYR (6,794) 99. Suriname (69.1) 111. Turkey (68) 75. Turkey (6,772) 100. Turkey (68.7) 177. Swaziland (32.5) 173. Niger (21) 170. Sierra Leone (548) Human poverty in Turkey: focusing on the most deprived in multiple dimensions of poverty · The HDI measures the average progress of a country in human development. Human Development Report 1997 introduced the human poverty index (HPI), which focuses on the proportion of people below a threshold level in basic dimensions of human development - living a long and healthy life, having access to education, and a decent standard of living, much as the poverty headcount measures the proportion of people below a certain income level. The HPI-1 measures human poverty in developing countries. · The HPI-1 value for Turkey, 9.7%, ranks 19th among 103 developing countries for which the index has been calculated. HPI-1 rank HPI-1 value (%) (103 countries) Turkey 19 9.7 Best performer in Southern 19 9.7 Europe (Turkey) Worst performer in Southern 19 9.7 Europe (Turkey) Best performer in the world 1 3.6 (Uruguay) Worst performer in the world 103 64.4 (Niger) Building the capabilities of women GDI rank GDI value HDI rank HDI value (140 countries) minus GDI rank Turkey 70 0.742 4 0.750 Best performer in Southern Europe 28 0.884 0 0.891 (Cyprus) Worst performer in Southern Europe 70 0.742 4 0.750 (Turkey) Best performer in the 1 0.960 0 0.963 world (Norway) Worst performer in 140 0.271 4 0.281 the world (Niger) The HDI measures average achievements in a country, but it does not incorporate the degree of gender imbalance in these achievements. The gender-related development index (GDI), introduced in Human Development Report 1995, measures achievements in the same dimensions using the same indicators as the HDI but captures inequalities in achievement between women and men. It is simply the HDI adjusted downward for gender inequality. The greater the gender disparity in basic human development, the lower is a country's GDI relative to its HDI. · The GDI value for Turkey ranks 70th, with a value of 0.742. The gender empowerment measure (GEM) reveals whether women take an active part in economic and political life. It focuses on gender inequality in key areas of economic and political participation and decision-making. It tracks the share of seats in parliament held by women; of female legislators, senior officials and managers; and of female professional and technical workers- and the gender disparity in earned income, reflecting economic independence. Differing from the GDI, the GEM exposes inequality in opportunities in selected areas. · The GEM value for Turkey ranks 76th. · Women hold 4.4% of parliamentary seats, and make up 30% of professional and technical workers. 6% of administrators and managers are women. Seats in Female Female Estimated Ratio of parliament administrators professional female female held by and managers and technical earned earned women (% of total) workers income income to (% of total) (% of total) (PPP US$) male earned income 1. Rwanda (45.3) 1. Philippines (58.1) 1. Barbados (71.3) 1. Luxembourg 1. Kenya (0.93) (34,891) 2. Sweden (45.3) 2. Fiji (50.6) 2. Lithuania (69.7) 2. Switzerland 2. Norway (32,273) (0.90) 3. Norway (38.2) 3. Tanzania, U. Rep. 3. Estonia (69.2) 151. Sri Lanka of (49.1) 76. Cambodia 3. United States 3. Cambodia (0.76) (29,017) (4.9) 79. Egypt (9.0) (32.6) 98. Togo (0.47) 64. Panama 152. Maldives (4.8) 80. Bangladesh 77. Tanzania, U. 99. Cyprus (0.47) (8.5) Rep. of (31.7) (4,597) 153. Mauritania 100. Japan (0.46) 65. Colombia (4.4) 81. United Arab 78. Egypt (31.4) 101. Turkey (4,557) Emirates (7.8) 154. Turkey (4.4) 79. Turkey (30.4) (0.46) 66. Saudi Arabia 82. Turkey (6.2) (4,440) 67. Turkey (4,276) 86. Saudi Arabia 154. Sierra Leone 162. Yemen (0.3) 85. Pakistan (2.4) 154. Oman (0.19) (6.4) (326) Country Reference Index Country Pages mentioned A Afghanistan 12, 13, 20, 42, 48, 75, 79, 82, 91, 101, 104, 152, 166, 167, 168, 170,171, 173, 176, 177 Albania 55 Angola 42, 166, 167, 172 Argentina 35, 45, 46, 55, 119, 333 Armenia 35, 90 Australia 85, 87, 94, 102, 103, 137 Austria 85, 87, 94, 102 Azerbaijan 35, 125, 215 B Bangladesh 5, 22, 23,29, 33, 42, 46, 47, 56, 62, 67, 70, 81, 92, 97, 104, 118, 119, 120, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 146, 333 Belarus 333 Belgium 9, 85, 86, 87, 94, 96, 102, 117 Benin 57, 65, 100, 131, 146 Bolivia 54, 55, 56, 57, 60, 66, 89, 90, 101, 164, 166 Bosnia and Herzegovina 160, 170, 171, 175, 176, 177, 178 Botswana 4, 21, 22, 26, 78, 106, 166, 215 Brazil 6, 27, 37, 55, 56, 59, 60, 64, 65, 66, 95, 118, 120, 123, 129, 130, 131, 133, 142, 143, 146, 333 Burkina Faso 10, 25, 34, 61, 80, 89, 98, 106, 131,132, 133, 165 Burundi 160, 170 C Cambodia 13, 92, 97, 106, 119, 125, 127, 128, 160, 166, 167, 170, 173, 176 Cameroon 21, 57, 89, 90, 215 Canada 32, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 91, 93, 94, 102, 127, 128, 174, Central African Republic 21, 56, 179 Chad 80, 89, 90, 154, 157, 168 Chile 47, 55, 70, 137, 142, 333 China 4, 21, 22, 28, 29, 30, 34, 37, 41, 42, 55, 56, 59, 63, 65, 71, 78, 92, 100, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 128, 132, 134,135, 139, 146, 147, 173, 211, 212, 213, 214, 333, 335 Colombia 155, 159, 160, 161, 167 Congo 12, 20, 21, 42, 90, 151, 153, 155, 156, 157, 161, 166, 167, 170, 174, 176, 181 Congo, Dem. Rep. of the 21, 167 Costa Rica 45, 46, 116, 135, 137 Côte d'Ivoire 21,22, 127, 164, 165, 170 Croatia 176 Cuba 216 Czech Republic 56, 85 D Denmark 85, 87, 94, 102 Dominican Republic 137 E Ecuador 54 Egypt 20,29, 33, 55, 81 El Salvador 20, 59, 137, 156 Equatorial Guinea 124, 167, 215 Eritrea 160, 213 Ethiopia 11, 29, 34, 42, 55, 66, 80, 89, 90, 92, 97, 100, 101, 102, 103, 140, 141, 157, 167, 213, 215 F Fiji 128, 129 Finland 85, 87, 94, 96, 102 France 4, 13, 24, 26, 55, 56, 70, 85, 86, 87, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 102, 127, 130, 145, 165, 174 G Gambia 89 Georgia 21, 35 Germany 56, 82, 85,86, 87, 88, 91, 93, 94, 95, 102, 127, 130, 213 The Report is embargoed until 13:00 New York Time (18:00 GMT) on Wednesday 7 September 2005 .