About the Author As the oldest daughter of the late California plein-air watercolorist and art instructor Charles F. Keck, Linda Armstrong grew up immersed in drawing, painting, and crafts. She met her hus- band, Alden, in a painting class in college. Both of them went on to teach elementary school in Los Angeles. There was no formal art program for elementary students at that time, so Alden and Linda worked together to develop their own lessons. Their favorites used simple materials and incorporated elements of art history, math, social studies, and science, as well as color theory, textural exploration, rhythm, repetition, and expressive line. Linda and Alden now live in Grand Junction, Colorado. Linda has taught drawing and painting at the Western Colorado Center for the Arts. She has written, edited, or adapted more than forty book titles for children and teachers in various subjects. Other Mark Twain Media, Inc., titles by Linda Armstrong include Everyday Art for the Classroom Teacher, Jumpstarters for U.S. History, Jumpstarters for Writing, Jumpstarters for Science Vocabulary, and Daily Skill Builders: Word Problems. This product has been correlated to state, national, and Canadian provincial standards. Visit www.carsondellosa.com to search and view its correlations to your standards. Daily Skill Builders: Physical Science Grades 4–6 By LINDA ARMSTRONG COPYRIGHT © 2008 Mark Twain Media, Inc. ISBn 978-1-58037-830-7 Printing no. 404102-EB Visit us at www.carsondellosa.com Mark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers Distributed by Carson-Dellosa Publishing Company, Inc. The purchase of this book entitles the buyer to reproduce the student pages for classroom use only. Other permissions may be obtained by writing Mark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Daily Skill Builders: Physical Science Grades 4–6 Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction to the Teacher ................................iv 42. Nonmetals............................................... 22 NSES Standards Matrix for Grades 5–8 ............ 1 43. Nonmetals............................................... 23 44. Crystals ................................................... 23 Activity # Skill 45. Crystals ................................................... 24 1. Scientific Questions .................................. 2 46. Chemical reactions ................................ 24 2. Questions and Scientific Investigations .... 2 47. Chemical reactions ................................ 25 3. Using Evidence ......................................... 3 48. Acids ....................................................... 25 4. Using Evidence ......................................... 3 49. Bases ...................................................... 26 5. Physical Changes ..................................... 4 50. Acids and Bases: The Litmus Test .......... 26 6. Physical and Chemical Changes .............. 4 51. Acids and Bases ..................................... 27 7. Solids and Liquids..................................... 5 52. Sorting It All Out ..................................... 27 8. Solids, Liquids, and Gases ....................... 5 53. The Carbon Cycle ................................... 28 9. Common Gases ........................................ 6 54. Carbon Cycle: Energy in Storage ........... 28 10. Diffusion .................................................... 6 55. Natural Fibers ......................................... 29 11. About Liquids ............................................ 7 56. Synthetic Fibers ...................................... 29 12. Surface Tension ........................................ 7 57. Chemical Changes roundup .................. 30 13. Evaporation ............................................... 8 58. Chemical Changes roundup .................. 30 14. Solid, Liquid, or Gas? ............................... 8 59. Gravity .................................................... 31 15. Heat Flows ................................................ 9 60. Magnetism and Gravity ........................... 31 16. Heat Convection ....................................... 9 61. Magnetism .............................................. 32 17. Heat Conduction ..................................... 10 62. Magnetic Fields....................................... 32 18. Heat radiation ........................................ 10 63. Electricity ................................................ 33 19. Vacuums ................................................. 11 64. Electrostatics: The Branch of Science 20. The History of Heat Measurement .......... 11 Behind the Zap ....................................... 33 21. Conservation of Energy .......................... 12 65. Lightning ................................................. 34 22. Conservation of Energy .......................... 12 66. Benjamin Franklin and 23. Potential Energy & Kinetic Energy .......... 13 His Famous Kite ..................................... 34 24. Kinetic Energy......................................... 13 67. Flowing Current ...................................... 35 25. Energy roundup ..................................... 14 68. Galvanometer ......................................... 35 26. Energy roundup ..................................... 14 69. Electricity From Chemicals ..................... 36 27. Mixtures .................................................. 15 70. Conductors and Insulators ...................... 36 28. Suspensions ........................................... 15 71. Circuits .................................................... 37 29. Emulsions ............................................... 16 72. Resistance .............................................. 37 30. Solutions ................................................. 16 73. Magnetism and Electricity ....................... 38 31. Evaporation, distillation, Filtration, 74. Magnetism and Electricity ....................... 38 Settling. ................................................... 17 75. Michael Faraday ..................................... 39 32. Mixture roundup .................................... 17 76. Tesla and the AC motor .......................... 39 33. Compounds ............................................ 18 77. Home Uses of Electricity ........................ 40 34. Organic Compounds ............................... 18 78. Communicating With Electricity .............. 40 35. Metals ..................................................... 19 79. Electricity roundup ................................. 41 36. Common Metals...................................... 19 80. Electricity roundup ................................. 41 37. Common Metals...................................... 20 81. Work ....................................................... 42 38. Common Metals...................................... 20 82. Wedges ................................................... 42 39. Alloys ...................................................... 21 83. Ramps .................................................... 43 40. Steel........................................................ 21 84. The Wheel .............................................. 43 41. Nonmetals............................................... 22 85. Wheels and Axles ................................... 44 404102-EB © Mark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers ii Daily Skill Builders: Physical Science Grades 4–6 Table of Contents Table of Contents (cont.) 86. Screws .................................................... 44 128. A Short History of Artificial Lighting ........ 65 87. Levers ..................................................... 45 129. Movies and Animation ............................ 66 88. Fulcrums ................................................. 45 130. Optical Illusions....................................... 66 89. Pivots ...................................................... 46 131. Light roundup ........................................ 67 90. Pulleys .................................................... 46 132. Light roundup ........................................ 67 91. Complex Machines ................................. 47 133. Sound Waves .......................................... 68 92. Gears ...................................................... 47 134. The Speed of Sound ............................... 68 93. Simple Machines roundup ..................... 48 135. Loudness ................................................ 69 94. Work and Machines roundup ................ 48 136. Pitch ........................................................ 69 95. Galileo’s Motion Experiments ................. 49 137. Resonance.............................................. 70 96. Sir Isaac newton: Gravity and Motion ..... 49 138. Amplification ........................................... 70 97. Newton’s Laws of Motion ........................ 50 139. Echoes .................................................... 71 98. Force Equals Mass Times Acceleration: 140. Sound Absorption ................................... 71 F = ma .................................................... 50 141. Sound reproduction ............................... 72 99. Newton’s Third Law of Motion ................. 51 142. Sound roundup ...................................... 72 100. Newton’s Laws of Motion roundup ........ 51 143. Flight ....................................................... 73 101. Speed, Velocity, Acceleration, and 144. Lift .......................................................... 73 Momentum .............................................