Appendices Wind Vision: A New Era for Wind Power in the United States ii This page is intentionally left blank Table of Contents Appendix A: Glossary .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Appendix B: Summary of 20% Wind Energy by 2030 ...................................................................................9 Appendix B References .................................................................................................................................................................12 Appendix C: Regulatory Agencies ........................................................................................................................13 Appendix—Table of Contents of Appendix—Table Appendix D: Wind Project Development Process and Cost ......................................................................15 Appendix E: Domestic Supply Chain Capacity ................................................................................................17 E.1 Domestic Manufacturing Capacity ......................................................................................................................................17 E.2 Domestic Content and International Trade .....................................................................................................................18 E.3 Raw Materials and Energy ....................................................................................................................................................19 E.4 Repair and Refurbishment Manufacturing .....................................................................................................................22 E.5 Transportation Constraints ..................................................................................................................................................22 E.6 Installation ................................................................................................................................................................................24 Appendix E References ................................................................................................................................................................25 Appendix F: Test Facilities .......................................................................................................................................27 Appendix G: Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model— Additional Inputs and Assumptions ......................................................................................................................31 G.1 ReEDS Model .............................................................................................................................................................................31 G.2 Generator Assumptions—Technology Cost and Performance .................................................................................33 G.2.1 General Technology Assumptions ............................................................................................................................35 G.2.2 Solar Technologies........................................................................................................................................................39 G.2.3 Hydropower ....................................................................................................................................................................42 G.2.4 Geothermal .....................................................................................................................................................................43 G.2.5 Capital Cost Multipliers ...............................................................................................................................................44 G.3 Fuel Prices ................................................................................................................................................................................45 G.4 Retirements ............................................................................................................................................................................47 G.5 Financial Assumptions .........................................................................................................................................................48 G.6 End-Use Electricity Demand .............................................................................................................................................49 G.7 Transmission Assumptions ..................................................................................................................................................50 G.7.1 Long Distance Transmission ........................................................................................................................................50 G.7.2 Spur-line Transmission and Geospatial Supply Curves ......................................................................................52 G.7.3 Transmission Costs ........................................................................................................................................................52 G.7.4 Transmission Dispatch .................................................................................................................................................54 Appendix G References ................................................................................................................................................................55 Table of Contents iii Appendix H: Wind Vision Wind Power Technology Cost and Performance Assumptions ...............59 H.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................59 H.1.1 Development of the Wind Energy Supply Curve ..................................................................................................59 H.1.2 Primary Elements of the Wind Energy Supply Curve .........................................................................................66 H.1.3 Future Wind Plant Cost and Performance Assumptions ...................................................................................68 H.2 Base-Year Wind Plant Techno-Economic Cost and Performance Parameters .....................................................71 H.2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................71 H.2.2 AWS Truepower Wind Resource Data .....................................................................................................................71 H.2.3 Land-Based Techno-Economic Data ....................................................................................................................... 74 H.2.4 Offshore Technology Costs ........................................................................................................................................85 Appendix—Table of Contents of Appendix—Table H.3 Grid Connection Costs ........................................................................................................................................................ 101 H.3.1 Overland Grid Connection Costs .............................................................................................................................. 101 H.3.2 Offshore Cable and Construction Distance-Based Capital Cost Factor ..................................................... 102 H.3.3 Grid Connection Cost Curves ..................................................................................................................................104 H.4 Financing Assumptions .....................................................................................................................................................108 H.4.1 Project Financing Assumptions ..............................................................................................................................108 H.4.2 Construction Finance Costs ....................................................................................................................................109 H.5 LCOE Supply Curves ...........................................................................................................................................................109 H.6 Future Cost Trajectories.......................................................................................................................................................113 H.6.1 Land-Based Future Cost Reduction Scenarios .....................................................................................................113 H.6.2 Offshore Future Cost Reduction Scenarios .......................................................................................................... 116 Appendix H References .............................................................................................................................................................. 119 Appendix I: JEDI Model Documentation .......................................................................................................... 121 I.1 JEDI Parameterization: Local Content, Expenditures, and Capacity ........................................................................121