Improving teams in healthcare Appendix List of contributors Archie Keeling, Craig Dyer, Lindsay Taylor, Lynne Quinney, Patrick Lillie, Rachel Forbes-Pyman, Sue Crossland, Summet Hindocha, Tom Baker, Wendy Randall, Yee Yen Goh Round-table attendees Tom Baker Royal College of Physicians Adrian Boyle Royal College of Emergency Medicine Sue Crossland Calderdale and Huddersfield Foundation Trust Anna Crossley Royal College of Nursing Sam Cryer Faculty of Physician Associates Nina Dutta Royal College of Physicians Kevin Enright London’s Air Ambulance Tony Garelick DocHealth Andrew Goddard Royal College of Physicians Sumeet Hindocha NHS Improvement Lowri Jackson Royal College of Physicians Govind Menon Cardiff and Vale University Health Board Carol Postlethwaite East Surrey Hospital Lynne Quinney Royal College of Physicians Mridula Rajwani Oxford University Hospitals Jazz Sidhu Royal College of Physicians Jude Tweedie Royal College of Physicians Jacob de Wolff London North West Healthcare NHS Trust Acknowledgements Sabreen Akhtar, Deborah Allen, Emma-Louise Bray, Craig Dyer, Richard Gilpin, Leanne Griffin, Andrew Griffiths, Shireen Gupta, Mark Reynolds, Matt Spencer References Resource 1: Building effective teams 1 Royal College of Physicians. Being a junior doctor. London: RCP, 2016. https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/guidelines- policy/being-junior-doctor [Accessed 4 October 2017] 2 Royal College of Physicians. The medical registrar: Empowering the unsung heroes of patient care. London: RCP, 2013. 3 Manser T. Teamwork and patient safety in dynamic domains of healthcare: a review of the literature. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2009;53.2:143–151. 11 St Andrews Place, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4LE © Royal College of Physicians 2017 Tel: +44 (0)20 3075 1649, Fax: +44 (0)20 7487 5218 www.rcplondon.ac.uk/improvingteams Registered charity no 210508 4 Firth-Cozens J. Cultures for improving patient safety through learning: the role of teamwork. Qual Saf Health Care 2001;10.suppl 2:ii26–ii31. 5 West, MA et al. The link between the management of employees and patient mortality in acute hospitals. International Journal of Human Resource Management 2002;13.8:1299–1310. 6 Carter, AJW, West, M. Sharing the burden - teamwork in health care settings. In J Firth-Cozens, J, Payne RL (eds), Stress in health professionals: psychological and organisational causes and interventions. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 1999: 191–202. 7 Buttigieg SC, West MA, Dawson JF. Well-structured teams and the buffering of hospital employees from stress. Health Serv Manage Res 2011;24.4:203–212. 8 Katzenbach JR, Smith DK. The discipline of teams. Harvard Business Review 2005;83.7:162. 9 Rutherford JS, Flin R, Mitchell L. Teamwork, communication, and anaesthetic assistance in Scotland. Brit J Anaesth 2012 https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aes172 10 West MA, Lyubovnikova J. Real teams or pseudo teams? The changing landscape needs a better map. Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2012;5(1):25–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2011.01397.x [Accessed 4 October 2017]. 11 West M, Dawson JF. Employee engagement and NHS performance. London: The King’s Fund, 2012:1–23. http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/sites/files/kf/employee-engagement-nhs-performance-west-dawson-leadership- review2012-paper.pdf [Accessed 4 October 2017]. 12 West M, Borrill C, The influence of team working. In Cox J King J, Hutchinson A McAvoy P. Understanding doctors’ performance. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing, 2005. 13 Dickinson H, Ham C, Snelling I, Spurgeon P. Are we there yet? Models of medical leadership and their effectiveness: An exploratory study. Final report. NIHR Service Delivery and Organisation programme, 2013. http://www.netscc.ac.uk/hsdr/files/project/SDO_FR_08-1808-236_V07.pdf [Accessed 4 October 2017] 14 Salas E, Granados D, Klein C et al. Does team training improve performance? A meta-analysis. Human factors 2008;50:903–33 15 West M, Dawson, J. Employee engagement and NHS performance. London: The King’s Fund, 2012. 16 Walmsley J, Miller K. A review of the health foundations leadership programme 2003–07. London: The Health Foundation, 2008. 17 Maben J, Peccei R., Adams M, Robert G, Richardson A, Murrells T, Morrow E. Patients’ experiences of care and the influence of staff motivation, affect and wellbeing. NIHR Service Delivery and Organisation Programme, 2012. 18 Weaver SJ, Dy SM, Rosen MA. Team-training in healthcare: a narrative synthesis of the literature. BMJ Quality & Safety 2014;23(5):359–372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2013-001848 [Accessed 13 November 2017]. 19 Schmulz J, Manser T. Do team processes really have an effect on clinical performance? A systematic literature review. Brit J Anaesth 2013;110:539–44 20 Rowland P. Core principles and values of effective team-based health care. J Interprof Care 2014;28(1):79–80. https://doi.org/10.3109/13561820.2013.820906 [Accessed 13 November 2017]. 21 Rabol L, Andersen ML, Ostergaard D et al. Descriptions of verbal communication errors between staff. An analysis of 84 root cause analysis reports from Danish hospitals. BMJ Quality and Safety 2011;20:268–74. 22 Singh H, Thomas EJ, Petersen LA. Medical errors involving trainees: a study of closed malpractice claims from 5 insurers. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:2030–6. 23 Madden E, Sinclair M, Wright M. Teamwork in obstetric emergencies. Evidence Based Midwifery 2011 Sep 2;9(3):95-101. 24 Faculty of Leadership and Management. Leadership and management standards for medical professionals. 2nd edition. London: FMLM, 2016. https://www.fmlm.ac.uk/individual-standards [Accessed 4 October 2017]. 25 West M, Armit K, Loewenthal L et al. Leadership and leadership development in healthcare: The evidence base. London: Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management, 2015. 11 St Andrews Place, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4LE © Royal College of Physicians 2017 Tel: +44 (0)20 3075 1649, Fax: +44 (0)20 7487 5218 www.rcplondon.ac.uk/improvingteams Registered charity no 210508 https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/sites/default/files/field/field_publication_file/leadership-leadership-development- health-care-feb-2015.pdf [Accessed 4 October 2017]. 26 NHS Leadership Academy. Healthcare Leadership Model, version 1.0. Leeds: NHS Leadership Academy, 2013. https://www.leadershipacademy.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/NHSLeadership-LeadershipModel-10- Print.pdf [Accessed 4 October 2017]. 27 Holbeche L, Mayo A. Motivating people in lean organizations. London: Taylor & Francis, 2009. 28 Borrill CS et al. Team working and effectiveness in health care. British Journal of Healthcare Management 2000;6.8:364–371. 29 NHS staff survey 2017. http://www.nhsstaffsurveys.com [Accessed 4 October 2017]. 30 NHS Thames Valley and Wessex Leadership Academy. The importance of working in an effective team – Creating the culture and climate to promote innovation and patient safety. NHS TVWLA. www.tvwleadershipacademy.nhs.uk/enews-02/importance-working-effective-team [Accessed 4 October 2017]. 31 Suff P, Reilly P. Pulling together: Getting the most out of teams. Brighton: Institute for Employment Studies, 2006. www.employment-studies.co.uk/system/files/resources/files/mp70.pdf [Accessed 4 October 2017]. 32 Holbeche L. The high performance organization. London: Routledge, 2015. 33 NHS Improvement. Engaging, supporting and valuing doctors in training: better engagement. NHSI, 2017. https://improvement.nhs.uk/resources/engaging-supporting-and-valuing-doctors-in-training/ [Accessed 4 October 2017]. 34 NHS Improvement. Building a culture of engagement with doctors in training. NHSI, 2017. https://improvement.nhs.uk/uploads/documents/Case_study.Imperial_3.pdf [Accessed 4 October 2017]. 35 Borrill C, West M. How good is your team? A guide for team members. Birmingham: Aston Centre for Health Service Organisation Research, 2002. https://scele.ui.ac.id/berkas_kolaborasi/konten/MKK_2014genap/borril_team.pdf [Accessed 4 October 2017]. Resource 2: Team culture 1 Royal College of Physicians. Being a junior doctor. London: RCP, 2016. 2 Royal College of Physicians, The medical registrar: Empowering the unsung heroes of patient care. London: RCP, 2013. 3 Manser T. Teamwork and patient safety in dynamic domains of healthcare: a review of the literature. Acta Anaesth Scand 2009;53:143–51. 4 Firth-Cozens J. Cultures for improving patient safety through learning: the role of teamwork. Qual Health Care 2001;10(Suppl 2):ii26–ii31. 5 West MA et al. The link between the management of employees and patient mortality in acute hospitals. Int Jo Hum Resour Man 2002;13:1299–1310. 6 Carter, AJW, West M. Sharing the burden-teamwork in health care settings. In: Firth-Cozens J, Payne RL (eds), Stress in health professionals: psychological and organisational causes and interventions. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 1999:191–202. 7 Buttigieg SC, West MA, Dawson JF. Well-structured teams and the buffering of hospital employees from stress. Health Serv Manag Res 2011,24:203–12. 8 Pollack S, Frolkis J. Creating strong team culture. www.stepsforward.org/modules/create-healthy-team-culture [Accessed 13 November 2017] 9 Ofri D. My near miss. New York Times 28 May 2013. www.nytimes.com/2013/05/29/opinion/addressing-medical- errors.html [Accessed: 2 September 2017]. 10 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Advancing Excellence in Health Care. Annual Progress Report to Congress: National Strategy for Quality Improvement in Health Care. Rockville: AHRQ, 2014. 11 St Andrews Place, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4LE © Royal College of Physicians 2017 Tel: +44 (0)20 3075 1649, Fax: +44 (0)20 7487 5218 www.rcplondon.ac.uk/improvingteams Registered charity no 210508 11 Sharmila D. Doctors in distress. Lancet 2011;377:454–455. 12 NHS Survey Coordination Centre. Staff Survey 2016 Detailed Spreadsheets. 2016. 13 Nancarrow SA, Booth A, Ariss S et al. Ten principles of good interdisciplinary team work. Hum Resour Health 2013;11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-11-19 [Accessed 13 November 2017]. 14 Borrill, CS et al. The effectiveness of health care teams in the National Health Service.