Tracking atmospheric and riverine terrigenous supplies variability during the last glacial and the Holocene in central Mediterranean V. Bout-Roumazeilles, N. Combourieu-Nebout, S. Desprat, G. Siani, J.-L. Turon, L. Essallami To cite this version: V. Bout-Roumazeilles, N. Combourieu-Nebout, S. Desprat, G. Siani, J.-L. Turon, et al.. Tracking atmospheric and riverine terrigenous supplies variability during the last glacial and the Holocene in central Mediterranean. Climate of the Past, European Geosciences Union (EGU), 2013, 9 (3), pp.1065-1087. 10.5194/cp-9-1065-2013. hal-00861322 HAL Id: hal-00861322 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00861322 Submitted on 7 Jun 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. 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Discussions Open Access Open Access Earth System Earth System Dynamics Dynamics Discussions Tracking atmospheric and riverine terrigenous supplies variability Open Access Open Access during the last glacial and the Holocene in central MediterraneanGeoscientific Geoscientific Instrumentation Instrumentation V. Bout-Roumazeilles1, N. Combourieu-Nebout2, S. Desprat3, G. Siani4, J.-L. Turon5, andMethods L. Essallami and6 Methods and 1Geosystemes, CNRS – UMR8217, Universite´ Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France Data Systems Data Systems 2Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, laboratoire Mixte CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, Avenue de la Terrasse, Discussions Open Access 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France Open Access 3 Geoscientific Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Environnements et Paleoenvironnements´ Oceaniques,´ CNRSGeoscientific – UMR5808 EPOC, Universite´ Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence, France Model Development 4 Model Development Laboratoire des Interactions et Dynamique des Environnements de Surface (IDES), UMR8148, CNRS-Universite´ de Discussions Paris-Sud, Batˆ 504, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France 5Environnements et Paleoenvironnements´ Oceaniques,´ CNRS – UMR5808 EPOC, Universite´ Bordeaux I, Open Access Open Access 33405 Talence, France Hydrology and Hydrology and 6GEOGLOB, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia Earth System Earth System Correspondence to: V. Bout-Roumazeilles ([email protected]) Sciences Sciences Received: 12 July 2012 – Published in Clim. Past Discuss.: 27 July 2012 Discussions Open Access Revised: 5 April 2013 – Accepted: 8 April 2013 – Published: 15 May 2013 Open Access Ocean Science Ocean Science Abstract. A multiproxy study – coupling mineralogical, 1 Introduction Discussions grain size and geochemical approaches – was used to ten- tatively retrace eolian and fluvial contributions to sedimen- The Mediterranean is a transitional area where northern and Open Access tation in the Sicilian–Tunisian Strait since the last glacial. southern climatic influences tightly interact (e.g.Open Access Magny et The eolian supply is dominant over the whole interval, ex- al., 2009). Previous studies revealed that moist conditions Solid Earth cepted during the sapropel S1 when riverine contribution ap- developed in the MediterraneanSolid during Earth the early Holocene parently became significant. Saharan contribution increased while a progressive orbitally-driven trend to aridification Discussions during the Bølling–Allerød, evidencing the persistence of characterized the mid- and late Holocene. This climatic aridity over North Africa although the northern Mediter- evolution displays a contrasting regional pattern, with an ranean already experienced moister and warmer conditions. abrupt transition at 5.7 kyr BP on the western MediterraneanOpen Access Open Access The Younger Dryas is marked by proximal dust inputs, high- and a more gradual transition in the eastern Mediterranean The Cryosphere lighting intense regional eolian activity. A southward migra- (Cheddadi et al., 1991;The Ariztegui Cryosphere et al., 2000; Magny et al., Discussions tion of dust provenance toward Sahel occurred at the onset of 2002, 2007; Frigola et al., 2007; Tzedakis, 2007; Sadori et the Holocene, likely resulting from a southward position of al., 2008; Roberts et al., 2008, 2011; Jalut et al., 2009; Peyron the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone that was probably asso- et al., 2011). Precipitation estimations based on lake lev- ciated with a large-scale atmospheric reorganization. Finally, els, fire and pollen association, and on speleothem and iso- a peculiar high terrigenous flux associated with drastic modi- tope records also provide evidences of contrasting season- fications of the mineralogical and geochemical sediment sig- ality across the Mediterranean during the Holocene (Magny nature occurred during the sapropel S1, suggesting the prop- et al., 2003, 2007, 2009; Zanchetta et al., 2007; Tzedakis, agation of fine particles derived from major floodings of the 2007; Roberts et al., 2008; Peyron et al., 2011; Vanniere` Nile River – resulting from enhanced rainfall on northeastern et al., 2011), but estimating the respective atmospheric and Africa – and their transportation across the Sicilian–Tunisian oceanic control on Mediterranean climatic evolution through Strait by intermediate water masses. their impact on eolian and fluviatile systems is still complex. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 1066 V. Bout-Roumazeilles et al.: Atmospheric and riverine supplies since last glacial in central Mediterranean A multiproxy study of the terrigenous supply would help in via the relatively shallow Siculo–Tunisian Strait. The dense retracing the variability of both eolian and fluviatile systems. Eastern Mediterranean Deep Water (EMDW) fills the deep The nature and provenance of fine-grained terrigenous basin (> 800 m depth) (Wust,¨ 1961; Pickard et Emery, 1982; particles in the Mediterranean is mainly controlled by the Malanotte-Rizzoli and Hecht, 1988; Klein et al., 1999). This balance between riverine supplies driven by precipitation general pattern is highly dependent on environmental con- regime of the surrounding continents and eolian supplies ditions, including eolian activity and precipitations distribu- from the Sahara (Loye-Pilot¨ et al., 1986; Martin et al., tion, and recent alteration of the ocean/atmosphere coupling 1989; Bergametti et al., 1989b; Matthewson et al., 1995; has resulted in enhanced deep-water formation in the Aegean Guerzoni and Chester, 1996; Foucault et Meli´ eres,` 2000; Sea (Klein et al., 1999; Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., 1999). Goudie et Middleton, 2001). Several studies used deep-sea clay mineral associations as tracers of source regions and 2.2 Present-day river supplies as indicators of water mass fluctuations (Chamley, 1975; Tomadin and Lenaz, 1989; Petschick et al., 1996; Fagel et At present day, a major part of detrital clays is supplied to al., 1997; Gingele et al., 2001; Liu et al., 2003; Boulay et al., the Mediterranean via rivers (Fig. 1), the most important be- 2005; Fagel and Hillaire-Marcel, 2006; Colin et al., 2010). ing the Nile River (from 120 to 230 × 106 t yr−1) discharging Indeed, the mineralogical nature of sediments, which de- in the eastern Mediterranean. The Po River, discharging into pends on the petrographic characteristics of their source areas the Adriatic Sea (17 × 106 t yr−1), and southeastern Euro- (e.g. Bout-Roumazeilles et al., 1999; Sionneau et al., 2008), pean rivers associated with Turkish rivers provide about, re- has been used to retrace detrital particles provenance in the spectively, 30 × 106 t yr−1 and 17 × 106 t yr−1 to the Aegean Mediterranean and thus to assess the respective eolian and Sea and are major contributors to sedimentation into the cen- riverine contributions to deep-sea sedimentation and provide tral Mediterranean (Holeman, 1968; Milliman and Syvitski, valuable information on the sediment propagation pathways 1992; Stanley et al., 1992; Ehrmann et al., 2007b; Garzanti et (Caquineau et al., 1998, 2002; Bout-Roumazeilles et al., al., 2006; Hamann et al., 2009). The detrital supply through 2007; Ehrmann et al., 2007a; Hamann et al., 2009; Kandler the Dardanelles Strait is reduced (0.9 × 106 t yr−1) because et al., 2009; Formenti et al., 2011a,b). The clay mineral frac- most sediment is trapped within the Black Sea and Marmara tion also provides information on climatic conditions, such as Sea (Erhmann et al., 2007a). Central Mediterranean is not precipitation and runoff patterns over the adjacent