CHAPTER 16 Hyperlipidemia PART 5 LEARNING OBJECTIVES PRONUNCIatIONS After completing this chapter, you should be able to Bile acid sequestrants (bie-ul 1. Define hyperlipidemia and recognize its causes, symptoms, and consequences ASS-id see-KWES-trantz) 2. Identify tests for hyperlipidemias and recognize the conditions under which they are done Cholesterol (koe-LESS-ter-ol) 3. Distinguish between total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, VLDL, and triglycerides, know Chylomicrons (kie-loh-MIE-kronz) the meaning of each acronym, and recognize target values for each Hyperlipidemia (hi-per-lip-id-EE- mee-ah) 4. List nonpharmacologic treatments recommended for each type of hyperlipidemia Lipoproteins (lie-poh-PRO-teen) 5. List the classes of medications used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and their Triglycerides (try-GLIH-ser-eyed) basic mechanisms of action 6. Identify agents and common side effects from each class of medications used to treat hyperlipidemias Matching I Match each side/adverse effect to its medication class. Side/Adverse Effects Medication Class(es) 1. Bloating, belching 2. Blood glucose elevation 3. Constipation, flatulence 4. Fishy aftertaste 5. Flushing 6. Liver damage 7. Myalgia (muscle pain) 8. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, heartburn 9. Rhabdomyolysis 10. Upset stomach MEDICATION CLASSES a. Bile acid sequestrant b. Fibrates c. Niacins d. Omega 3 e. Statins Workbook for Understanding Pharmacology for Pharmacy Technicians 60 Matching II True or False Match each brand name hyperlipidemia medication to its For additional study, try to change the false statements to generic name and class. For additional study, write the make them true. available dosage form(s) for each agent. 1. All lipids in the human body can be classified as cholesterol. Generic Dosage 2. Cholesterol is an important component of cell Brand Names Names Class Form(s) membranes. 1. Antara 3. LDL (low density lipoprotein) is known as good 2. Colestid cholesterol because elevated levels are associated with a lower risk of developing heart disease. 3. Crestor 4. Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the 4. Lescol blood reflect only those that are consumed in the diet. 5. Lipitor 5. Bile acid sequestrants are the preferred agents 6. Lipofen for treating hyperlipidemia in pregnant women. 7. Livalo 6. Statins work by blocking an enzyme used by the body in its production of cholesterol. 8. Lofibra 7. Patients may not gain the full effect of the fibrates 9. Lopid until they have completed 6–8 weeks of therapy. 10. Lovaza 8. Fenofibrate comes in several brand-name formulations that can be interchanged as 11. Mevacor generic equivalents. 12. Pravachol 9. Ezetimibe is classified as a HMG-CoA inhibitor 13. Prevalite (statin). 14. Questran 10. Omega 3 fatty acids can lower LDL cholesterol by as much as 50%. 15. Tricor 16. Triglide Short Answer 17. Trilipix 18. Welchol 1. Describe the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) Diet recommended to reduce LDL cholesterol. 19. Zetia 20. Zocor GENERIC NAMES a. atorvastatin f. fenofibrate k. pitavastatin b. cholestyramine g. fish oil l. pravastatin c. colesevelam h. fluvastatin m. rosuvastatin d. colestipol i. gemfibrozil n. simvastatin e. ezetimibe j. lovastatin CLASSES 2. What are the pleiotropic effects of the HMG-CoA Bile acid sequestrant inhibitors used for hyperlipidemia? Cholesterol absorption inhibitor Fibrate Omega-3 fatty acid Statin.