Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Dissertations Theses and Dissertations Winter 2015 Show Horse Welfare Melissa A. Voigt Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Agricultural Education Commons, Animal Sciences Commons, and the Veterinary Medicine Commons Recommended Citation Voigt, Melissa A., "Show Horse Welfare" (2015). Open Access Dissertations. 580. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/580 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Graduate School Form 30 Updated 1/15/2015 PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Melissa A. Voigt Entitled Show Horse Welfare For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Is approved by the final examining committee: Dr. Colleen Brady Dr. Jennifer Richardson Chair Dr. Abigail Borron Dr. Kristina Hiney Dr. Mark Russell To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Thesis/Dissertation Agreement, Publication Delay, and Certification Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 32), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy of Integrity in Research” and the use of copyright material. Approved by Major Professor(s): Dr. Colleen Brady Dr. Roger Tormoehlen 2/24/2015 Approved by: Head of the Departmental Graduate Program Date i SHOW HORSE WELFARE A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Melissa A. Voigt In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy i May 2015 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii Dedication To my parents, Tim and Ellen, for all they have done for me. ii iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people that have supported me through this process. I want to specifically thank… …Matt and Alee for listening, understanding, and encouraging me. …Dr. Russell for being an inspiration and motivator. …Dr. Brady for providing me with the support to pursue this study and other experiences. …My family for supporting me, helping me to stay grounded, and reminding me that there are more important things in life than this. …Nate for believing in me and helping me get through each day. Finally, I give thanks to God, for without Him nothing would be possible. iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ xiii GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................................... xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. xvii ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... xix CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Setting .................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Horse Industry Welfare Guidelines and Efforts ............................................ 2 1.1.2 Horse Industry’s Commitment to Education ................................................ 5 1.2 Significance of the Study .................................................................................. 6 1.3 Purpose and Research Questions ..................................................................... 8 1.3.1 Study 1: Viewpoint of Show Officials ............................................................ 9 1.3.2 Study 2: Perceptions of Competitors ............................................................ 9 1.3.3 Study 3: Understanding and Addressing Stock-Type Show Horse Industry Legitimacy .................................................................................................................. 10 CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE .......................................................................... 12 iv 2.1 Purpose and Research Questions ................................................................... 12 2.2 Animal Welfare ............................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Good Welfare .............................................................................................. 13 2.2.2 Animal Welfare, Western Culture, and Masculine Ideology ...................... 14 2.2.3 Acceptance of Values Framework .............................................................. 19 2.2.4 Attitudes toward Animal Welfare ............................................................... 21 v Page 2.2.5 Theoretical Frameworks for Animal Welfare ............................................. 23 2.2.5.1 Motivational Bases of Attitudes toward Animals ................................... 24 2.2.5.2 Model of Fundamental Moral Attitudes toward Animals ...................... 26 2.2.5.3 ‘Practical’ Ethic for Animals .................................................................... 27 2.3 Horse Welfare ................................................................................................. 28 2.4 Show Horse Welfare ....................................................................................... 32 2.5 Educational Intervention ................................................................................ 34 2.5.1 Business and Organizational Ethical Interventions..................................... 35 2.5.2 Bullying Prevention and Interventions ....................................................... 37 2.5.3 Health Field Intervention Frameworks ....................................................... 39 2.5.3.1 Theoretical Domains Framework ............................................................ 39 2.5.3.2 Behavior Change Wheel .......................................................................... 42 2.5.3.3 Transtheoretical Model ........................................................................... 45 2.5.3.4 PRECEDE-PROCEED Model ...................................................................... 49 2.5.3.5 Social Cognitive Theory as a Behavior Intervention Framework ............ 51 2.5.4 Summary of Educational Intervention ........................................................ 56 2.6 Motivation and Intention to Use E-Learning .................................................. 58 2.6.1 Overview of E-Learning Motivation and Intention Theories ...................... 59 v 2.6.1.1 Self-Determination Theory ..................................................................... 59 2.6.1.2 Theory of Planned Behavior .................................................................... 61 2.6.1.3 Social Cognitive Theory ........................................................................... 63 2.6.1.4 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology ........................... 64 2.6.1.5 Technology Acceptance Model ............................................................... 67 2.6.1.6 ARCS Motivational Model ....................................................................... 71 2.6.2 Usage Transfer: Offline to Online Use ........................................................ 74 2.6.3 Collective Observations of Motivation and Intention to Use E-learning .... 74 2.6.4 Summary of Motivation and Intention to Use E-learning .......................... 77 2.7 Unethical Behavior Prevention ....................................................................... 78 vi Page 2.8 Social Cognitive Theory and Moral Disengagement ....................................... 81 2.8.1 Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement ....................................................... 84 2.8.2 Antecedents of Moral Disengagement ....................................................... 84 2.8.3 Theoretical Roots ........................................................................................ 86 2.8.4 Current Application of Moral Disengagement ............................................ 88 2.8.5 Criticism of Moral Disengagement ............................................................. 89 2.9 Blended Framework ....................................................................................... 90 CHAPTER 3. VIEWPOINTS OF SHOW OFFICIALS .......................................................... 93 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 93 3.2 Methods .......................................................................................................... 99 3.2.1 Participants ................................................................................................. 99 3.2.2 Data Collection and Analysis ..................................................................... 100 3.3 Results ........................................................................................................... 102 3.3.1 Theme 1. Defining Welfare ....................................................................... 105 3.3.2 Theme 2. Compromises to Show Horse Welfare ...................................... 106 3.3.2.1 Subtheme 2.a. Public perception and understanding. ......................... 106 3.3.2.2 Subtheme 2.b. Lack of experience or expertise. ..................................