Drilling and Dam Construction Agency (DDCA) Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) DDCAP Technical Manual for Drilling Works for Technical Support Plan for the Drillers in DDCA Version 1 March 2013 Groundwater Development and Management Capacity Development (DDCAP) Project Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1 2 DRILLING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT (TA COde 2) .............................................................. 3 2.1 SELECTION OF DRILLING BIT AND DRILLING METHOD (TA CODE 2-1) ........... 3 2.2 ROTARY BITS (TA CODE 2-2) ........................................................................................ 8 2.3 DTH AND DTH BIT (TA CODE 2-3) ............................................................................... 9 2.4 RIG ACCESSORY (TA CODE 2-4) .................................................................................11 2.5 CASING TOOLS (TA CODE 2-5) ................................................................................... 17 2.6 DRILLING EQUIPMENT (TA CODE 2-6) .................................................................... 22 2.7 DRILLING CALCULATION (TA CODE 2-7) ............................................................... 26 2.8 WEIGHT OF DRILLING TOOLS (TA CODE 2-8) ........................................................ 37 2.9 ROTARY BIT ROTATION SPEED AND WEGHT ON BIT (TA CODE 2-9) ................ 39 2.10 DTH BIT ROTATION SPEED AND WEGHT ON BIT (TA CODE 2-10) ................... 41 3 DRILLING CONTROL (TA Code 4) ........................................................................................ 42 3.1 MUD CONTROL (A CODE 4-1) .................................................................................... 42 3.2 MUD PUMP OPERATION (TA CODE 4-2) ................................................................... 43 3.3 CASING FOR MUD DRILLING (TA CODE 4-3) ............................................................ 44 3.4 DRILLING OPERATION FOR MUD DRILLING (TA CODE 4-4) ................................. 45 3.5 BIT CONTROL AND REPARING FOR MUD DRILLING (TA CODE 4-5) ................... 48 3.6 AIR CONTROL FOR DTH DRILLING (TA CODE 4-6) .................................................. 49 3.7 AIR COMPRESSOR OPERATION (TA CODE 4-7) ......................................................... 50 3.8 CASING FOR DTH DRILLING (TA CODE 4-8).............................................................. 51 3.9 DRILLING OPERATION FOR DTH DRILLING (TA CODE 4-9) .................................. 52 3.10 BIT CONTROL AND REPARING FOR DTH DRILLING (TA CODE 4-10) ................ 53 4 BOREHOLE LOGGING (TA CODE 5) .................................................................................... 54 4.1 BOEREHOLE LOGGING INSTRUMENTS (TA CODE 5-1) .......................................... 54 4.2 INTERPRETATION OF BOREHOLE LOGGING RESULTS (TA CODE 5-2) ................ 60 5 GRAVEL PACKING (TA COde 7) ............................................................................................ 65 5.1 DETERMINATION OF GRAVEL SIZE (TA CODE 7-1) .................................................. 65 5.2 CALCULATION OF GRAVEL VOLUME (TA CODE 7-2) ........................................... 67 5.3 GRAVEL PACKING (TA CODE 7-3) ................................................................................ 68 6 WELL DEVELOPMENT (TA CODE 8) ................................................................................... 70 6.1 WELL CLEANING AFTER DRILLING (TA CODE 8-1) .............................................. 70 6.2 SINGLE TUBE METHOD AIR LIFTING (TA CODE 8-2) ........................................... 72 6.3 DOUBLE-TUBE METHOD AIR LIFTING (TA CODE 8-3) ....................................... 73 7 BACK-FILLING&SURFACE CEMENTING (TA CODE 9) ................................................... 74 7.1 BACK-FILLING (TA CODE 9-1) ................................................................................... 74 7.2 SURFACE CEMENTING (TA CODE 9-2) ........................................................................ 77 2. Slurry poured into the borehole ................................................................................................ 78 8 PUMPING TEST (TA CODE 14) .............................................................................................. 79 8.1 PURPOSE AND METHODS OF PUMPING TEST (TA CODE 14-1) .............................. 79 8.2 PUMPING TEST EQUIPMENT (TA CODE 14-2) ............................................................ 81 8.3 SELECTION OF SUBMERSIBLE PUMP (TA CODE 14-3) ............................................ 83 8.4 INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS (TA CODE 14-4) .......................................... 88 9 WATER QUALITY (TA CODE 15) ........................................................................................... 95 9.1 PURPOSE OF WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS (TA CODE 15-1) .................................... 95 9.2 ITEM OF WATER QUALITY ANALYIS (TA CODE 15-2) .............................................. 97 Tables Table 1 Identified Technical Areas Covering Drilling Works of DDCA ......................................... 1 Table 2 Technical Area / Item Covered by Teaching Guidance and Manuals ................................. 1 Table 3 Drilling Performance of Drilling Methods for Type of Formation ..................................... 6 Table 4 Selection of Bit for Rotary Cum DTH Drilling .................................................................. 7 Table 5 Connection of Rotary Bit ................................................................................................... 8 Table 6 Rig Accessories DDCA’s New Drilling Rig of 150 m Capacity .......................................11 Table 7 Capacity of API Drill Pipe ................................................................................................ 14 Table 8 Capacity of API Drill Collar ............................................................................................. 15 Table 9 Identification of API Threads ........................................................................................... 16 Table 10 Size of API 5L-B Steel Pipes.......................................................................................... 17 Table 11 Size of JIS STPG Sch-40 Steel Pipes ............................................................................. 18 Table 12 Size of JIS SGP Steel Pipes ............................................................................................ 18 Table 13 Size of BS Heavy Steel Pipes ......................................................................................... 18 Table 14 Size of uPVC Pipes ........................................................................................................ 21 Table 15 Specifications of NP-700 Mud Pump ............................................................................. 24 Table 16 Conversion Factors – Imperial to Metric ........................................................................ 27 Table 17 Conversion Tables – Length and Area ............................................................................ 29 Table 18 Conversion Tables – Velocity and Flow ......................................................................... 29 Table 19 Conversion Tables – Imperial Gallons to Litres ............................................................. 30 Table 20 Conversion Tables – Litres to Imperial Gallons ............................................................. 30 Table 21 Conversion Tables – Acre-Feet to 1,000 Cubit Meters ................................................... 31 Table 22 Conversion Tables – Cubic Yards to Cubic Meters ........................................................ 32 Table 23 Conversion Tables – Imperial Gallons Per Minute to Litres Per Second ....................... 33 Table 24 Conversion Tables – Pounds Per Square Inch to Kilo Pascals ....................................... 34 Table 25 Conversion Tables – Horsepower to Kilowatts .............................................................. 35 Table 26 List of Necessary Tools for 12-1/4” and 8-1/2” Drilling ................................................ 37 Table 27 Drill String Assembly for 12-1/4” x 30 m Drilling ........................................................ 37 Table 28 Drill String Assembly for 8-1/2” x 100 m Drilling ........................................................ 37 Table 29 Weight Calculation of Drill String Assembly for 12-1/4” x 30 m Drilling .................... 38 Table 30 Weight Calculation of Drill String Assembly for 8-1/2” x 100 m Drilling .................... 38 Table 31 Example of Bit Log Sheet .............................................................................................. 48 Table 32 Example of DTH Log Sheet ........................................................................................... 53 Table 33 Example of Cement Mixing Calculation ........................................................................ 77 Table 34 Conversion Table of Discharge Rate for 90 Deg. Notch Tank ....................................... 82 Table 35 Specifications of Submersible Pump SP17 (Grundfos) .................................................. 84 Table 36 Water Quality Parameters and each Pollition Sources and Effects................................. 95 Table 37 Values of WHO Guideline and TTS ............................................................................... 97 Table 38 Frequency