Negotiating Identity: Identity Dynamics in the Context of Male Circumcision and HIV/AIDS among Luo Youth in Kisumu, Kenya By Salome N. Wawire B.A., Agra University, 1994 M.A., University of Nairobi, 2000 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anthropology at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island May 2010 Copyright 2010 by Salome N. Wawire This dissertation by Salome N. Wawire is accepted in its present form By the Department of Anthropology as satisfying the Dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date______________ __________________________________ Nicholas Townsend, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date______________ __________________________________ Daniel J. Smith, Reader Date______________ __________________________________ Philip Leis, Reader Date ______________ Wanjiku Khamasi, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date______________ __________________________________ Sheila Bonde, Dean of Graduate School iii SALOME N. WAWI RE Brown University, Department of Anthropology, Box 1921● Providence, RI, 02912 ●USA - - - ● Cell: 1-401- 588-0615 ● Fax: 1-401- 863-7588 [email protected] Education Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Ph.D., Anthropology (2010) Pre-doctoral Trainee, Anthropological Demography Dissertation: Negotiating Identity: Identity Dynamics in the Context of Male Circumcision and HIV/AIDS among Luo Youth in Kisumu, Kenya Dissertation Committee: Dr. Nicholas Townsend (Chair), Dr. Daniel J. Smith, Dr. Philip Leis; Dr. Wanjiku Khamasi (External Reader) University if Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya Master of Arts, Anthropology (2000) Agra University, Agra, India Bachelor of Arts, Community Development (1994) Areas of Research Interest • Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) • Sexual and reproductive health of older populations • HIV/AIDS • Culture and cultural influences on population and reproductive health behavior • Gender Research Experience 2007 Project Coordinator: Using Relationship Calendars to Improve Sexual Behavior Data among Kenyan Couples. • A research project undertaken by researchers from Brown University, USA, McGill University, Canada and the African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya. • This objective of the project was provide researchers with proven data collection methods to analyze and understand understand how relationship histories and couple dynamics affect the sexual risk behaviors and reproductive health of young women and men in Kisumu, Kenya. The study was done in a low-income urban setting where young women and their male partners are affected by high rates of unintended pregnancy and STIs, including HIV. 2006-2007 Principal Investigator: Dissertation Research titled: “Exploring Male Circumcision and the Spread of HIV/AIDS among the Youth in Kisumu, Kenya” iv • Research funded through Compton Foundation and Hewlett Foundation Fellowships, administered by the PSTC, Brown University. 2001-2002 Research Trainee: African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya • My role included writing grant applications, proposal writing, field staff recruitment, training and supervision, fieldwork, data management, data analysis, report writing and dissemination at community and policy levels. Research topic areas include reproductive health (including HIV/AIDS), fertility, migration, family planning, mortality, health and sexual behavior and poverty. 1999-2001 Research Assistant: African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya • My role was to carry out qualitative and quantitative fieldwork, recruit , train and supervise field staff, data entry and data management, write reports and disseminate results. 1995-1997 Ethnographer: HIV/AIDS Home Care Project, Moi University/Johns Hopkins University • My role was to carry out fieldwork, liase with community members and leaders, transcribe, code and enter data. Teaching and Other Appointments 2008 to date Teaching Consultant: The Harriet W. Sheridan Center for Teaching and Learning, Brown University. • My role involves providing consultations for individual teaching, departmental micro-teachings, course development, presentation, and grant-writing, to faculty, post-doc fellows and graduate teaching assistants at Brown University. 2004-2009 Teaching Assistant: Brown University, Providence, RI, USA • Anthropological Approaches to World Issues (Fall 2009) • Medicine and Society (Summer 2009) • Global Development (Summer 2009) • AIDS in International Perspective (Fall 2005) • Film and Anthropology: India and Images of Societies (Spring 2005) • Religion & Culture (Fall 2004) 2004-2005 Policy Communication Fellow: Population Reference Bureau, Washington D.C. Publications Forthcoming Fitting In and Spreading Out: Ambiguities and Changing Imaginations of v Sexuality among the Luo in Kisumu. In “Old wineskins, new wine: Readings in sexuality in sub-Saharan Africa” Chimaraoke Izugbara, Chi- Chi Undie and Wanjiku Khamasi Eds. Nova Science Publishers, NY, NY, USA 2005 “The Impact of Poverty on Adolescent Pregnancy and Abortion in Nairobi, Kenya” Population Reference Bureau, Washington, D.C. 2003 Emerging Family Systems in Kenya. International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family Relationships. Macmillan Reference, New York, USA 2001 “Reproductive Health Needs Assessment in Eight Selected Districts of Kenya” (Report by APHRC, which I participated in writing). APHRC and Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya 2000 “Intra-Household Decision-Making on Health and Resource Allocation in Borgou, Benin” (Co-authors: P. Ngom, T. Gandaho, P. Klissou, Toussaint, Adjimon, M. Seye, E. Akouanou and L. Winter). APHRC, CEFORP and PROSAF, Nairobi, Kenya Selected Presentations 2009 “Male Circumcision and the Female Question: Do Women Benefit in the Promotion of Male Circumcision for HIV/AIDS Prevention?” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (PAA), Detroit, Michigan. April 30-May 2, 2009 ____ Also presented at the International Seminar on Gender and Empowerment in the 21st Century in Africa. Nairobi, Kenya, August 24- 26, 2009 2009 The Role of Male Circumcision in Sexual Networks and Sexual Behavior among Youth in Kisumu, Kenya. Paper presented at the International Conference of the Society for Medical Anthropology. “Medical Anthropology at the Intersections: Celebrating 50 Years of Inter- disciplinarity” Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, September 24- 27, 2009 ____ Also presented in a Poster session at the XXVI IUSSP International Population Conference, Marrakech, Morocco. September 7- October 2, 2009 ____ Also presented at the PSTC Colloquia Series, Population and Studies Training Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. September 24, 2009 2006 “The Role of Social Networks in the Aging Process of the Urban Poor in Nairobi” Paper presented at the 4th Wits/Brown/Colorado/APHRC (WBCA) Colloquium on Emerging Population Issues, Nairobi, Kenya. May 21-25,2006 vi 2005 “Whose Baby is it Anyway? Perceptions of Parental Responsibility and their Effects on Fertility among Unmarried Luo Adolescents in Nairobi” Paper presented at the 4th Wits/Brown/Colorado/APHRC (WBCA) Colloquium on Emerging Population Issues, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado. April 3-5, 2005 2004 “Factors Affecting Sexual Behavior among Luo Adolescents in Nairobi” Paper presented at the Population Association of America (PAA) Annual Meeting. Boston, Massachusetts, April 1-3, 2004 Invited Lectures 2009 “The Role of Male Circumcision in Sexual Networks and Sexual Behavior among Youth in Kisumu, Kenya,” Invited lecture for the PSTC Colloquia Series, Population and Studies Training Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, September 24, 2009 2008 "Negotiating Identity: Exploring Male Circumcision and Sexual Behavior in the Lives of Young Luo in Kisumu, Kenya," Invited lecture for the Working Group on Anthropology and Population (WGAP) Seminar Series, Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. April 11, 2008 2008 “Qualitative Maneuvers: Dealing with Sensitive Information In Fieldwork,” Invited lecture for the Qualitative Methods Working Group, Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. April 11, 2008 Service 2009 Consultant, Institutional Review Board (IRB), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 2008-2009 Anthropology Department Liaison, Sheridan Center for Teaching and Learning, Brown University 2004-2006 Graduate Representative, Population Studies and Training Center (PSTC), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 2004-2005 Co-Organizer, Working Group in Anthropology & Population Colloquium Academic Fellowships and Honors 2004 Population Reference Bureau Policy Communication Fellowship 2002-2004 Mellon Foundation Graduate Student Fellowship. 2003-2005 Mellon Foundation Grant for pre-dissertation research. 2005-2006 Compton Foundation Dissertation Research Fellowship in Population. 2007-2009 Hewlett Foundation Dissertation Fellowship. vii Professional Membership 2003 to date American Anthropological Association (AAA) 2003 to date Population Association of America (PAA)The Union for African Population Studies (UAPS) 2003 to date Pan-African Association of Anthropologists (PAA) 2000to date Population Association of Kenya (PAK) 2008 to date International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP) 2006 to date Society for Medical Anthropology