CAST OF CHARACTERS American Mission. The largest mission in Egypt, with headquarters in Cairo, hospitals in Asyut and Tanta, schools throughout the country, and an orphan- age in the capital. Started in 1854 and affiliated with the Board of Foreign Mis- sionaries of the United Presbyterian Church of North America (UPCNA). Charles Adams. Chairman of the faculty of the Theological Seminary, Cairo. Ellen Barnes. Succeeded Margaret Smith as head of the Fowler Orphanage. Egyptian Missionary Association. Group administering the affairs of the American Mission, reporting back to the Board of Foreign Missions of the UPCNA and the Women’s General Missionary Society. Evangelical Church. Autonomous Egyptian Presbyterian church started by American missionaries. Esther Fowler and John Fowler. Quaker couple who funded the girls’ orphanage in Cairo named for them. Margaret (Maggie) Smith. Moving spirit behind the founding of the Fowler Orphanage in 1906 and its first head. Samuel Zwemer. Loose affiliate of the American Mission, prolific writer, and field referee of the Swedish Salaam Mission. American Diplomats William Jardine. Minister of the Legation of the United States of America. Horace Remillard. American consul in Port Said. Assemblies of God Mission. Came to oversee Pentecostal missions in Egypt, which were initially unaffiliated with a board or church. Lillian Trasher. Pentecostal founder of the faith-based Asyut Orphanage in 1911. CAST OF CHARACTERS xix Body of Grand ‘Ulama’. Council of senior clerics at the al-Azhar mosque- university complex. Shaykh Muhammad al-Ahmadi al-Zawahiri. Rector of al-Azhar. British Officials W. J. Ablitt Bey. Commander of the Suez Canal police, special branch, Port Said. Judge Arthur Booth. British legal advisor in the Egyptian Ministry of Justice. Sir Ronald Campbell. Acting British high commissioner. Sir Alexander Keown-Boyd. Director general of the European Department, Public Security Division, in the Egyptian Ministry of Interior. Church Missionary Society (CMS). British Anglican mission founded in 1825 that ran schools and a large hospital in Old Cairo. Egypt General Mission (EGM). The second largest mission in Egypt, with headquarters in Zaytun and stations in the Delta and Canal Zone. Started in 1898 by an interdenominational band of Protestant laymen from England and Northern Ireland. Hayat Ibrahim/Kawkab Kamil. Teacher in the EGM girls’ school in Suez who converted to Christianity and fought her uncle’s attempt to gain custody of her. George Swan. Head of the EGM and chairman of the Inter-Mission Council of Egypt. Egyptian Journalists Sulayman Fawzi. Editor of satirical weekly al-Kashkul. ‘Abd al-Qadir Hamza. Editor of pro-Wafd daily al-Balagh. Muhammad Husayn Haykal. Editor of Liberal Constitutionalist daily al- Siyasa. Inter-Mission Council. A body made up of representatives of evangelical or- ganizations, which served as a liaison between the Egyptian government and Protestant missions. xx CAST OF CHARACTERS Islamic Benevolent Society. A Muslim charitable organization founded in 1893 by nationalist leaders and Islamic reformers. al-Sayyid Ahmad Mustafa ‘Amir. Main donor for an orphanage for Muslim children in Asyut. League for the Defense of Islam. A coalition started in June 1933 to combat proselytizing. Shaykh Muhammad Mustafa al-Maraghi. President of the league and ex-rector of al-Azhar. Muslim Brotherhood. Islamic revival organization founded in 1928 in Isma‘iliyya. Labiba Ahmad. President of first Muslim Sisters branches and editor- owner of the monthly journal al-Nahda al-Nisa’iyya. Hasan al-Banna. Founder and first general guide. Shaykh Mahmud Jum‘a Hilba. Member and Port Said cleric. Ahmad al-Misri. Founder of the Port Said branch. Ahmad al-Sukkari. Boyhood friend of al-Banna and head of the Brotherhood branch in al-Mahmudiyya. Dr. Muhammad Sulayman. An Islamic activist in Port Said. Nile Valley Mission. Methodist mission started in 1905 that eventually spon- sored schools in Upper Egypt and a girls’ orphanage in Ramla. Viola Light Glenn and Lewis Glenn. Founders of the mission. Sha‘b Party. Ruling political grouping in the summer of 1933. ‘Ali al-Manzalawi. Minister of religious endowments. Fahmi al-Qaysi. Minister of interior. Hasan Fahmi Rifa‘t. Governor of the Canal at Port Said. Muhammad Shafiq. Acting prime minister. Isma‘il Sidqi. Prime minister, in Europe in the summer of 1933. Swedish Salaam Mission. Faith-based mission started in Port Said in 1911, with a girls’ school and Home for Destitutes, and stations in al-Manzala and Dikirnis. Anna Eklund. Finnish co-founder of the mission. Maria Ericsson. Swedish founder of the mission. Turkiyya Hasan. Teenage Muslim orphan beaten at the mission. CAST OF CHARACTERS xxi Alice Marshall. Acting principal of the mission. ‘Ayida Na‘man/Martha Bulus. Teacher in school and convert to Christianity who contested her brother’s attempt to gain custody of her. Helmi Pekkola. Finnish author of a history of the mission. Alzire Richoz. Swiss matron who beat Turkiyya Hasan. Young Men’s Muslim Association (YMMA). Islamic association started in Cairo in 1927 and modeled after the Young Men’s Christian Association. Muhibb al-Din al-Khatib. Founding director of the Muslim Brotherhood newspaper Jaridat al-Ikhwan al-Muslimin. Dr. ‘Abd al-Hamid Sa‘id. Founding president. MAP 1 Egypt MAP 2 The Nile Delta and Suez Canal Zone with al-Fayyum .