Evolution of the Neckeraceae (Bryopsida) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden vorgelegt von Sanna Olsson (Uppsala, Schweden) Dresden 2008 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Christoph Neinhuis, Dresden 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Dietmar Quandt, Bonn 3. Gutachter: PD Dr. Sanna Huttunen, Turku TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents........................................................................................................................................ 3 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 7 Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 7 Material, methods & related discussion ................................................................................................ 10 Results & discussion ............................................................................................................................. 12 Conclusions........................................................................................................................................... 14 Chapter 1.................................................................................................................................................. 15 Miyabeaceae, a new family of pleurocarpous mosses ........................................................................... 15 1.1 Abstract........................................................................................................................................... 16 1.2 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 16 1.3 Material and methods...................................................................................................................... 19 1.4 Results............................................................................................................................................. 28 1.5 Discussion....................................................................................................................................... 34 1.6 Formal description of the new pleurocarpous moss family, Miyabeaceae...................................... 42 1.7 Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................... 43 Chapter 2.................................................................................................................................................. 45 The origin of the British and Macaronesian endemic Thamnobryum species (Neckeraceae) ........... 45 2.1 Abstract........................................................................................................................................... 46 2.2 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 46 2.3 Material and methods...................................................................................................................... 53 2.4 Results & Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 55 2.5 Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................... 62 Chapter 3.................................................................................................................................................. 63 Evolution of the Neckeraceae: resolving the backbone phylogeny...................................................... 63 3.1 Abstract........................................................................................................................................... 64 3.2 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 65 3.3 Material and methods...................................................................................................................... 68 3.4 Results............................................................................................................................................. 76 3 3.5 Discussion....................................................................................................................................... 84 3.6 Taxonomic changes......................................................................................................................... 88 3.7 Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................... 89 3.8 Appendixes ..................................................................................................................................... 90 Chapter 4.................................................................................................................................................. 92 On the paraphyly of Neckera and Thamnobryum (Neckeraceae, Bryopsida)..................................... 92 4.1 Abstract........................................................................................................................................... 93 4.2 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 93 4.3 Material and methods.................................................................................................................... 101 4.4 Results........................................................................................................................................... 106 4.5 Discussion..................................................................................................................................... 109 4.6 Taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties and changes .................................................................. 114 4.7 Acknowledgements....................................................................................................................... 119 Chapter 5................................................................................................................................................ 120 Phylogenetic relationships in the “Pinnatella” clade of the moss family Neckeraceae (Bryophyta)120 5.1 Abstract......................................................................................................................................... 121 5.2 Introduction................................................................................................................................... 121 5.3 Material and methods.................................................................................................................... 123 5.4 Results........................................................................................................................................... 129 5.5 Discussion..................................................................................................................................... 135 5.6 Taxonomic and nomenclatural changes ........................................................................................ 143 5.7 Acknowledgements....................................................................................................................... 145 References............................................................................................................................................... 146 Curriculum Vitae................................................................................................................................... 157 Publication list........................................................................................................................................ 160 Erklärung ............................................................................................................................................... 162 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It would not have been possible to do this thesis in the actual form without the support and interaction of several persons. Most of all I want to thank the persons supervising me through the whole process with the evolution of the Neckeraceae: Johannes Enroth, Sanna Huttunen, Lars Hedenäs, and Dietmar Quandt. I have enjoyed a lot taking part in this intensive collaboration. The knowledge of the senior scientists was invaluable in offering the essential background information, in learning the relevant methods and helping to solve problematic questions. The international nature of the collaboration made it possible to compare ways to do and share information between different laboratories and countries. In addition, due to the closely related research subject of Volker Buchbender, we had excellent opportunities for interesting discussions comparing our results and to produce joint data for both of the projects. I am also grateful to the other cooperation partners from past or ongoing projects: Michael Grundmann, Kai Müller, Jesus Muños, Martin Nebel, Markus Preußing, Fred Rumsey,