Using an intersectional approach to unpack some basic questions about international migration Two basic questions about international migration today ➢ Is international migration becoming more or less feminized? Less More ➢ Overall, are female migrants younger or older than male migrants? Younger Older Is international migration becoming more or less feminized? Women comprise slightly less than half of all international migrants worldwide Percentage of females among all international migrants, 2000 and 2019 2000 2019 Female Female Male Male 49% 48% 51% 52% Globally, the share of females declined slightly between 2000 and 2019 Most regions host a comparable number of male and females migrants Percentage of females among all international migrants, by region of destination, 2000 and 2019 2000 51.5 50.8 51.2 50.1 50.1 50.4 49.4 49.3 49.9 2019 50 49.1 47.2 47.5 40.7 Percentage 35.5 25 Sub-Saharan Africa Northern Africa and Central and Eastern and South- Latin America and Oceania Europe and Western Asia Southern Asia Eastern Asia the Caribbean Northern America Further disaggregating the data by region can help clarify the global trend Number of international migrants, by sex and region of destination, 2000 to 2019 (millions) 80 80 Males Females 70 70 60 60 Middle income 50 50 In Northern Africa and Western Asia, the number of male 40 40 migrants grew significantly more than the number of female 30 30 migrants 20 20 10 10 0 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2019 2000 2005 2010 2015 2019 Europe and Northern America Central and Southern Asia Eastern and South-Eastern Asia Northern Africa and Western Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania We can drill down further to see where the migrants live… Countries hosting the largest numbers of male and female migrants, 2019 (millions) Male Female United States of America 24.5 United States of America 26.2 Saudi Arabia 9.0 Germany 6.3 Germany 6.9 Russian Federation 5.9 Several countries in United Arab Emirates 6.3 United Kingdom 5.0 Western Asia host a Russian Federation 5.7 France 4.3 disproportionate United Kingdom 4.6 Canada 4.2 number of male France 4.0 Saudi Arabia 4.1 migrants Canada 3.8 Australia 3.8 Australia 3.7 Italy 3.4 Turkey 3.3 Spain 3.2 Spain 2.9 Ukraine 2.8 Italy 2.9 Turkey 2.6 India 2.6 India 2.5 South Africa 2.4 United Arab Emirates 2.3 Ukraine 2.1 South Africa 1.9 Malaysia 2.1 Kazakhstan 1.9 Kuwait 2.0 Thailand 1.8 Oman 1.9 China, Hong Kong SAR 1.8 Qatar 1.8 Jordan 1.7 Kazakhstan 1.8 Pakistan 1.5 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 Europe and Northern America Central and Southern Asia Eastern and South-Eastern Asia Northern Africa and Western Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania … and where they come from Major bilateral corridors of international migrant stock, by sex, 2019 (millions) Males Females Mexico → United States of America 6.1 Mexico → United States of America 5.4 India → United Arab Emirates 2.6 Russian Federation → Ukraine 1.9 Syrian Arab Republic → Turkey 2.4 Ukraine → Russian Federation 1.8 India → Saudi Arabia 1.7 China → United States of America 1.5 Bangladesh → India 1.6 Bangladesh → India 1.5 Ukraine → Russian Federation 1.5 Kazakhstan → Russian Federation 1.4 China → United States of America 1.4 Syrian Arab Republic → Turkey 1.4 India → United States of America 1.4 China → China, Hong Kong SAR 1.3 Russian Federation → Ukraine 1.4 Philippines → United States of America 1.3 Afghanistan → Iran 1.2 Russian Federation → Kazakhstan 1.3 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 Overall, are female migrants younger or older than male migrants? Females migrants tend to be over-represented at older ages Percentage of international migrants, by age and sex, 2019 15 Male Female Why? – Females tend to have a longer life expectancy 10 – Migrant women may have a lower propensity to return to their country of origin Percentage 5 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+ Disaggregating the data by region reveals a more nuanced picture Median age among international migrants, by sex and region of destination, 2019 44 Female Europe and Northern America In regions with a 42 Male longstanding tradition of 43 Oceania immigration, female In regions where immigrationmigrants tend is more to have recent a or 43 tends to be of shorter duration, male migrants 41 Central and Southern Asia higher median age than often have a highermales median age than females 41 36 Eastern and South-Eastern Asia 35 34 Latin America and the Caribbean In those regions, the median34 age tends to be 32 high for both males and Northern Africa and Western Asia females35 29 Sub-Saharan Africa 32 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 In those regions, the medianMedian age (years) age tends to be lower Data availability and the need for capacity building Evidence-based policies are common Percentage of Governments that reported having measures to promote evidence-based migration policies, by region, 2019 World 100 Europe and 80 Sub-Saharan Africa Northern America 60 40 20 Northern Africa Oceania 0 Percentage and Western Asia Latin America Central and and the Southern Asia** Caribbean* Eastern and South-Eastern Asia* A mechanism to ensure that migration policy is informed by data, appropriately disaggregated An annual national report on migration that includes migration data collected by the Government and/or other sources Based on 111 countries with available data (as of 1 September 2019). Yet there are gaps in the availability of data on basic characteristics of international migrants Availability of empirical data on the international migrant stock since the 2000 round of population censuses Countries or areas without any recent data Regions and number of countries or Number Percentage areas Total by By age By origin Total by By age By origin sex and sex and sex sex and sex and sex World (232) 14 46 39 6 20 17 Sub-Saharan Africa (51) 7 17 12 14 33 24 Northern Africa and Western Asia (25) 2 7 8 8 28 32 Central and Southern Asia (14) 3 5 7 21 36 50 Eastern and South-Eastern Asia (18) 1 4 3 6 22 17 Latin America and the Caribbean (48) 0 3 3 0 6 6 Oceania (23) 0 6 3 0 26 13 Europe and Northern America (53) 1 4 3 2 8 6 10 to less than 20 per cent 20 to less than 30 per cent 30 per cent or over.