Report No: AUS0001029 . Turkey Support to Local Air Quality Management Diagnostic Analysis of Local Air Quality Management Practices Public Disclosure Authorized Pilot Case: Kayseri Province . June 2019 . ENV . Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank . © 2017 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. 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ASA Support to Air Quality Management in Turkey – Diagnostic Report SUPPORT TO LOCAL AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN TURKEY DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF LOCAL AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES PILOT CASE: KAYSERI PROVINCE FINAL June 2019 ASA Support to Air Quality Management in Turkey – Diagnostic Report (Project Number: P169824) Country Manager: Auguste Kouame Practice Manager: Kseniya Lvovsky Task Team Leader: Sameer Akbar DISCLAIMERS This report was produced by the World Bank team to provide advisory support to the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (MoEU) in Turkey. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or of the Government of Turkey or its MoEU. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was produced by a core team led by Sameer Akbar (Senior Environmental Specialist, Task Team Leader), and Esra Arikan (Senior Environmental Specialist, Team Member), with substantial inputs from Dietmar Koch (International Air Quality Expert), Oznur Oguz Kuntasal (International Air Quality Expert), Emre Tokcaer (Local Consultant), Russell Frost (International Consultant), and Ulker Karamullaoglu (Team Assistant). The contributions of Kseniya Lvovsky (Practice Manager, ECA ENR) and Auguste Kouame (Country Manager) are also acknowledged. The World Bank would like to acknowledge the assistance in the form of interviews, meetings, data and information of the experts at the Air Quality Directorate, Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (MoEU) especially Pervin Doğan (Division Manager), Canan Esin Köksal (Expert), Ağça Gül Yılmaz (Expert), and İrde Çetintürk Gürtepe (Expert); Konya Clean Air Center (CAC); Kayseri Municipality; Kayseri Mayor Office; and Kayseri Provincial Directorate of MoEU. i | Page ASA Support to Air Quality Management in Turkey – Diagnostic Report TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... V CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 2. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE FOR LOCAL AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN TURKEY ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.1. LEGAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2. INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE ................................................................................................................................ 6 CHAPTER 3. PROGRESS ON LOCAL AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND HARMONIZATION OF CLEAN AIR ACTION PLANS .............................................................................................................................................. 11 3.1. PROGRESS ON CAAP PREPARATIONS .................................................................................................................. 11 3.2. HARMONIZATION EFFORTS: CAAP COMMON TEMPLATE ......................................................................................... 13 3.3. NATIONAL AND REGIONAL LEVEL SUPPORT TO LOCAL LEVEL AQM ............................................................................ 14 3.4. MONITORING OF CAAP IMPLEMENTATION .......................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER 4. GOOD INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES FOR LOCAL CLEAN AIR ACTION PLANS ................................ 18 4.1. COMPONENTS OF GOOD INTERNATIONAL CAAPS ................................................................................................. 18 4.2. EXAMPLES EFFECTIVE PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION ........................................................................................ 20 CHAPTER 5. REVIEW AND BENCHMARKING OF KAYSERI CAAP ...................................................................... 25 5.1. OVERVIEW OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AND EMISSION SOURCES IN KAYSERI ............................................................... 25 5.2. BENCHMARKING AGAINST TURKISH AND EU LEGISLATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL GOOD PRACTICES ................................ 32 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................. 37 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................. 40 ANNEXES ....................................................................................................................................................... 41 ANNEX A. SCOPE OF THE DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................ 41 ANNEX B. TURKISH LEGISLATION ON AQM ................................................................................................................ 46 ANNEX C. OUTLINE OF CLEAN AIR ACTION PLAN PROVIDED IN ANNEX IV OF THE BY-LAW ON AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................................................... 50 ANNEX D. RELEVANT EU LEGISLATION .................................................................................................................... 51 ANNEX E. CAAP TEMPLATE DEVELOPED BY THE MOEU ............................................................................................. 55 ANNEX F. SELECTION CRITERIA FOR PILOT PROVINCE .................................................................................................. 86 ANNEX G. ANALYSES OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING DATA RECORDED AT KAYSERI ............................................. 87 ANNEX H. EXAMPLE GOOD PRACTICE AIR QUALITY ACTION PLAN ................................................................................. 95 ii | Page ASA Support to Air Quality Management in Turkey – Diagnostic Report LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE FOR AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN TURKEY. ......................................................... 6 FIGURE 2 GDEM’S AIR MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT AND ITS DIVISIONS. ...................................................................... 7 FIGURE 3 INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP UNDER GDEIAPI RELATED TO AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND CAAP. ............................... 8 FIGURE 4 MAP SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF HIGH AND LOW POLLUTION POTENTIAL PROVINCES. ....................................... 11 FIGURE 5 ONLINE AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM (SCREEN-SHOT FOR SEVERAL OPTIONS THAT SYSTEM PROVIDES). .......... 15 FIGURE 6 STAGES OF CLEAN AIR ACTION PLANNING. ................................................................................................. 18 FIGURE 7 CAAP PREPARATION STAGES. .................................................................................................................. 18 FIGURE 8 SOUTH INNER ANATOLIAN REGION (UPPER LEFT MAP IN BLUE), KONYA CAC AND KAYSERI PROVINCE AND POPULATION MAP OF KAYSERI PROVINCE FOR THE YEAR 2017. .............................................................................. 26 FIGURE 9 LOCATION OF MONITORING STATIONS IN KAYSERI (GREEN PINS MARK EXISTING STATIONS; RED PINS SHOW NEW/RELOCATED STATIONS) .............................................................................................................................. 27 FIGURE 10 ANNUAL AVERAGE PM10 CONCENTRATIONS RECORDED AT OIZ, MELIKGAZI, AND HÜRRIYET STATIONS (2013- 2018). 28 FIGURE 11 EMISSION INVENTORIES OF SEVERAL PROVINCES IN THE COUNTRY. .............................................................. 31 FIGURE 12 NUMBER OF EXCEEDANCES OF DAILY AVERAGE PM10 CONCENTRATIONS RECORDED AT OIZ, MELIKGAZI