FISHES OF THE GULF OF MAINE 401 with long seanes or basse nets, which stop in the fish; and There may have been a few more bass along the w~ter ebbing from them they are left on the dry ground, the coast of northern Massachusetts during the sometImes two or three thousand at a set, which are salted up a~ains~ winter, or distributed to such as have present next 17 years, for yearly catches ranging from occasIOn Clther to spend them in their homes or use them none up to 441 fish (1892) were reported for Essex for their grounds. Oounty between 1884 and 1900, while a number were seined in the Merrimac River in 1897. But He also describes 3 how "shoales of basse have this was again succeeded by a period of scarcity driven up shoales of mackerel from one end of the so extreme that no bass were reported for the s~ndje beach to the other," near Salem, and men­ Massachusetts coast north of Boston during the tIOns them in the Merrimac. In the earliest rec­ next 30 years.s And the capture of a single fish ord the chief centers of abundance for them within .in the inner part of Massachusetts Bay by any the Gulf were Oape Ood Bay and the shore of Oape method was so unusual an event then that one of Ood; the neighborhood of Boston Bay and harbor' 44% pounds, caught near Brant Rock on the the vicinity of the Merrimac River; the Kennebe~ southern shore of the Bay, in November 1930 ~iver and vicinity, and the larger rivers that drain was given wide publicity in the newspapers. ' lllOO the Bay of Fundy. Inexhaustible, however The bass of the coasts of Maine fared no better. though the supply seemed, a decrease was reported They had practically gone from the Androscoggin as early as the last half of the eighteenth century. by 1860; the reported catch for the entire coast­ At first this was apparent only locally. FOi' ~ine e:xample, fewer were seen in the Piscataqua after of Maine (already only about 27,000 pounds m 1880) had fallen to about 1,600 pounds in 1902 about 1792. And very few were reported there 4,200 pounds in 1905, to 600 pounds in 1919: from about 1880 down to 1936 or 1937, when the And no commercial catches at all have been re­ !oung fish, that were hatched in southern waters ported from Maine in any subsequent year,6 ex­ In 1934, appeared in our Gulf in such numbers (P.402). cept for 537 pounds in 1932. They seem to have continued moderately plenti­ It seems that the bass population of the St. ful in Massachusetts Bay and around Oape Ood John River system shared with those of Massa­ during the first half of the nineteenth century chusetts and of Maine in the general decline in When bass were still being netted in abundanc~ abundance during the first half of the nineteenth along the beaches between Boston and Oohasset· century, for they were reported as much less 300 good-sized fish were taken in one seine hani plentiful there by 1873 than they had been in the early 1800's when they were a familiar sight at the mouth of Barnstable Harbor in July 1829' rolling and splashing at the surface in June.7 While 700 were taken at Provincetown in a day i~ But neither the St. John population, nor the October 1859. Fishing for bass from the rocks population at the head of the Bay of Fundy, nor with hook and line was a well recognized sportthen of the Annapolis River, seem ever to have fallen around Massachusetts Bay. But Freeman wrote to as Iowan ebb as has happened along Maine as long ago as 1862 (in his History of Oape Ood) and Massachusetts. In 1919, for example, when that the bass were much less plentiful in Oape no bass were reported from the Massachusetts Ood waters then than they had been of old. And coastline of the Gulf (p. 401) and only 600 pounds the catch for Oape Ood Bay and the outer shore for Maine, 2,700 pounds were reported from the of the Oape, combined, reached 2,000 pounds in Nova Scotian coastline of the Bay of Fundy 8 1 600 only three of the years of record during the last pounds for the St. John River system. " quarter of the 19th century and the first quarter . The year 1921 seems to have marked the "turn­ ?f the 20th.4 Bass, in fact, had so nearly van­ mg of the tide" for the bass in Oape Ood Bay Ished soon thereafter from the Massachusetts waters, for 4,784 pounds were taken that year at Coast north of Boston that no commercial catches Were reported there for the period 1876 to 1883, : Statistics have been published for 1903 to 1910, 1919, and 1928-1930. I Statistics published for 1929-1933, and 1935-1947. though an occasional fish may have been caught. See Adams (Field and J<'orest Rambles, 1873, pt. 3, Fishes, p. 248), who described the Indians of the Mellcete Tribe as stlll spearIng good-sized bass - from their canoes in the St. John, In 1873. I Wood, New Englands Prospect, 1634, p. 47. B 2.000 pounds from the Cobequld-Shubenaeadle region (Hants County) • 1878-4,974 pounds; 1897-4,820 pounds; 1900-6,450 pounds. 700 pounds from Annapolis County. • 402 FISHERY BULLETIN OF THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Sandwich, near the Cape Cod Canal, through Maine, where very few bass, large or small, had which they may have come, while some, that did been caught for many years previous. not find their way into the official returns were In 1937, having now grown to an average weight taken in the inlets along the outer shore of Cape of about 3 to 5 pounds, they not only reappeared Cod during that summer or the summer before. in such numbers that a commercial catch of some­ And the commercial catchesfor Barnstable County thing like 80,000 pounds was reported from the rose to 8,060 pounds for 1928, to 18,665 pounds for Gulf of Maine coast of Massachusetts,13 but so 1929, and ran between about 27,000 pounds and many of them spread north past Cape Ann that about 34,000 pounds 9 for 1930, 1931 and 1932. the catch from the inner part of Massachusetts Surf fishermen, too, did better along the outer Bay to the New Hampshire line (about 55,000 Cape shore from 1930 through the next couple of pounds) was perhaps three times as great as that summers than they had for many years; (a 33­ for the Cape Cod Bay-outer Cape region (in the pounder was taken in the surf on Cape Cod, and neighborhood of 19,000 pounds). And more of one of 44% pounds on the south shore of Massa­ these little bass were caught by anglers in the river chusetts Bay, p. 401). And it appears that the mouths and estuaries of New Hampshire that sum­ bass spread northward to the estuaries north of mer, and of Maine as far as the Penobscot region, Cape Ann during these years (unless a small stock than had been the case the year before, but not had persisted there through the poor period), for enough to figure in the official statistics. some were taken in the Parker River in the late The fish of the 1934 year class averaged around 1920's while 8,700 pounds were reported thence 6 pounds by 1939 (many had reached 7-9 pounds); in the winter of 1930, when net-fishing was al­ and the bass seemed so well established all along lowed, temporarily. from Cape Cod to southern Maine that anglers This upswing was brief (the reported catches for had largely forgotten the preceding lean years. the entire coastline of Massachusetts were only And the growth of the individual fish as they ad­ 4,500 and 5,100 pounds, respectively, for 1933 and vanced in age, combined with fresh increments for 1935).10 But at least it gave a foretaste of from the south seem to have more than balanced what was to come, for the waters around Cape Cod the death rate (natural or from fishing) for the were invaded during the summer of 1936 by count­ next 5 or 6 years, for the coast of Massachusetts less schools of little bass, weighing about 2 to 3 as a whole. 14 And a good part of the fish of the pounds. These (as isnow known) had been hatched 1934 year class (still swimming in good numbers) in 1934 (i. e., 2 years previous) in the Chesapeake grew meantime to 18 to 25 pounds, to the delight Bay-Delaware Bay region (p. 393), and it is inter­ of the anglers. esting, not only that they came from so far away, Bass fishing improved so much in the Hampton but that this was the largest year's brood that has region also, and in the Piscataqua River systeIJl been produced in Chesapeake Bay for as far back that about 19,000 pounds were reported for 1943 as any record is available,u Unfortunately, there is no knowing in what numbers they reached the in the commercial statistics for New Hampshire, outer shore of Cape Cod and Cape Cod Bay in where bass had not been mentioned in the fisherY 1936, for no record seems to have been kept of statistics for many years.