CENSUS OF INDIA 1971 ANDHRA PRADESH TOWN STUDY OF BHONGIR (Nalgonda District) Draft Ch. PURNACHANDRA RAO, M,A.,LL.B. Tabulation Officer Supervision & Guidance A. R. JAYA PRAKASH, M,Sc. Deputy Director of Census Operations Editor T. VEDA~T AM LA.S. DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERAT10NS, ANDHRA PRADESH doo' ANDHRA PRADESH CENSUS 1971, TOWN stUDIES LOCATION OF TOWNS SELECTED KilOMETU532 0 )l lit 96 In ! J2 =j=-t- -: bE BA Y OF BENGAL SELECTED TOWNS @ DISTRICT HEADQUARTfR TALUK HEADQUARTER STATE BOUNDA.RY DISTRICT BOUNDARY TALUK BOUNDARY RAILWAY BROAD GAUGE RAILWAY HETRE GAUGE NATIONAL HIGHWAYS = STATE HIGHWAYS .." Jiflt:. O~gol! Omrlct has bee~ rC~~01'N u P"',uam Dl>lrltt III 1912. MriC>re S~l~ ,,'" Im~ rename; u Kirnrub. In 19n Th"[h ~""""lh,,, not d"r'red I! orban"....~ It ~ 1"1 an~ ItTl !j 'e"i~'''' 1< ... ~ .. lt~l~ fot ;elJ~~ in YI~W 01 ~" ,"po,,","" :3 Cellsus/AP/74 CES"SUS OF INDIA 1971--VOLUME II-PART VI-B LIST OF SPECIAL SURVEY MONOGRAPHS ON SELECTED TOWNS, ANDHRA PRADESH District SI. N ::I me of town Functional Category and purpose No. and Size Class of Selection VisakhapatnMu .\-uk"p_tlle Trade and Commerce town (Noted for (Cbss III Jaggery tradc) . , r(.Cl:"inad~ Scn'ices-cum-Industry-cum-Trade and Com­ (Class 1) lucrce tow" (EdllcationClI,ocntre)-Selected JS ,"1 Adrnt:listrative town. 3 Kovvur l>rim:lrv Activitics-cum-Llclustrics town (Class nI) (Agl"O~ I nd us tri .11 town) . .} T.lilUku Prill"Ury Activities-cum-Indu'Lry-cum-Services (Cia,s III) town (Agro-Inclustrial tOWI1 • Guntul' . 5 .·\mara"athi .\n Old Hi,;toric yillage--Once a great (POpllbtion Buddhist Centre. 6,258). G -ronnnr Prim.lry _\cti,'itie:, town-Selected as a (Class IIr) re3idcntial-cum-educational town. Prakasalll 7 *C;lirala Town with m:>nufacturing in Household (Ongole) (CLm II) Industry (H-:mdloom Weaving). 8 Markilpur Industrial Manufacturing town (Noted IClass III) for slate industry). Nellore . 9 Venkat:lgiri Town '"ith manufacturing b Household (Clas,; IV) Industry (Handloom sarees). Chitto01' 10 Tirupati Services-cum-Trade "I These two towns viz., (Class II) & and Commerce I Tirupati and Tiru- Town. ~ nl.,bi are selected as 11 Tirumalai Trade and Com- r Tenl.ple Towns and (Class IV) merce Town. ) pilg,-imase centres of c:>untry wide fame. Cuddapah 12 Cuddapah Trade ~;lld Commerce-cUlu-Services-cum­ (Class II) Industries town. Selected as an Adminis­ trative town. Anantapur 13 Guntakal Transport-cum-Primary Acti,,; tic,;-cum-Indu­ (Class II) stries town-Selected as a Transport town. Mahbubnagar 14 Alampur Primary Activities town (An old historic (Class IV) town which abounds in antiquities of Chaluky:rs) . Medak 1:5 Siddipet Industry-cum-Trade and Commerce Town. (Class III) Nizamabad 16 Bodhan Prim.ary Activities-cum-Industries town (Class III) (Biggest sugar factory in the cuulltry and second biggest in South-East Asia is located herel. Karimnagar 17 MUl.tlnni Primary Activities town. An old historic (Class IV) town and ancient seat of 1earning. I(.h:l1nrnam 18 Bhadrachalam Services-cum-Industrv-cum-Tpdc and Com­ (Class IV) merce town. Selected as a temple town; pro­ minent seat of Lord Rama of Ramayana epic fame having country wide importance, is located here. 19 Kothagudem Primary Activities. A coal mining town. (Class II) Nalgonda 20 Bhongir Primarv Activities-cum-Trade and Commerce­ (Class III) cum-Services town. Selected as a town in the area of influence of a Metropolis (Hydera­ bad city); also an old historic town. *It was proposed to bring out a combl<lcd volume on Chirala and Vetapalern towns. 1971 CENSUS PUBLICATIONS ANDHRA PRADESH (All the Censp.s PubHcations of this State will beat' Series 2) Part I-A General n; '\! ;_; .~ j ~'" . Part I-B De . ~ia~j"s Jf...th~ ~~ic, Social, Cultural I ~~.L ~,t\onPattdll.S':"\ - Part I-C ~~~&ar'i T!bles: . Part II-A Genebl Pop'Jhtion Tables. Part II-B Ecojll)1Jli~ ~bles. ,...,-_ /I, --._. .... 'It Part II-C(i) D~stribu~n ~f\1>oRula\iqt\.\MQ Oltgue and Religion, h Schedu1ea:·Cas:~.&" _., ' Tribes. Part II-C(ii) OU~cial & Cultural Tables and Fertility Tabks­ ~k~~HousehOld composition, single year age, marital ("', educational levels, Scheduled Castes & S<:ltadule 1(ges, etc., Bilingualism. Part III Establishments Report and Tables. Part IV HO'JsinS R"'port & Tables. Part V Special Tables and Ethnographic notes on Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes. Part VI·A TOWJl Directory. Part VI-B ,. Special Survey Reports on Selected Towns (20). PartVI-C Survey Reports on Selected Villages (5). Part VII Special Report on graduates and Technical Personnel (All India Publication). Part VIII·A AdministrationReport-Enumcra. "1 , don ~For Office use only Part VIII-B Administration Report-Tabulation J P:ll't IX Census Aths. Part IX-A Administrative Atlas. DISTRICT CENSUS HAND BOOKS Part X-A TO'/Ill and \·illz..;c Directory ) lOne volume for each Part X-B Villa_!5e and TO-lin-wise Primary r district (21 volumes). Census Abstract J P.,tt X·C r\llaly~ic~ll Report, pep'\\,(l~\entall Separate volume for 5t:! !lS~lCS 2:r.d Dlctnct census}' each district (21 T~bles. volumes). Part XI SpeCial Survey Reports. FOREWORD Modem Census has beconle an indispensable instrument {)f policy and development planning. It needs hardly be stressed that a Census is not mere counting of heads. It is a kind of slOck-t;lking as it were, of the nation's human wealth. Census aims to present a complete picture of man, in hi!) social, cultural and economic setting. Recognising its role of having to serve the needs of the planner, policy maker, administrator and the academician, the Census Organisation from time to tiIDe arranges discussions with the main data users and 'Seeks guidance in planning its operations. However, for a further and more realistic appre­ Ciation of the data thrown up by the Census on various aspects of the life of the community, it has been realised that more and more empirical studies /would require to be undertaken in order to "invest the dry bones of statistics with flesh and blood accounts of social structure and social change". This requirement was kept in view even while planning the 1961 Census. The ~tudies undertaken as ancillary to it and parti. cularly the socia-economic survey of five hundred and odd villages throughout the conntry provided an insight into the meaning of the statistical data in terms of real life situations. India is, no doubt, predominantly rural. But it will not be long before the country achieves a break through in the process of urbanisation. With the increasing -tempo of eco­ nomic and industrial development of the country large scale urbanisation is bound to come. Urbanisation has become sine qua non of progress. Urban centres are undoubtedly the centres of dissemination of knowledge, new ideas, technical skills anel so on. This influences the life around till more and mOre areas get urbanised. India is at this interesting transitional stage and the Census Organisation thought it fit to undertake studies to get a deeper insight into the growth of small towns which are likely to play an important role in the life and economy of the community in the near future. The 1971 Census has' programmed to compile a separate Town Directory giving certain basic data pertaining to each town in the country. This is proposed to be supplemented by fairly detailed accounts of about 200 towns selected for study all over the country which may help to understand the intensity (ii) and direction of the socio~conomic forces generated by urba· nisation as also affecting the process of urbanisation and its impact on the rural neighbourhood. There is also a special operational need of the Census, which requires urban studies to be taken up. There is a point of view in some countries that the presentation of the Census data in terms of rural-urban dichotomy is unrealistic. There are, on the one hand, rural areas with' urban ways of life; on the other, there are pockets in Urban areas with~ folk ways and rural vestiges. Perhaps in India there is still some clear cut distinction between the rural and urban areas which is, however, gradually eroding. The proposed stlldies are ex· pected to indicate how much rural the urban areas are and how much urban the rural areas are. In December 1967, a seminar was organised to examine the different aspects of urban studies, with the participation of a galaxy of town planners, Anthropologists, Sociologists, Geographers, Economists, Demographers, etc. On the sugges­ tion of the seminar an Advisory Committee wa, set up and in consultation with the same, the followin!l criteria for selec­ tion of towns for special studies were laid 'down. SIZE: While the larger proportion of the tmxns selected for special studies should be small to'w115 of the population size of about 20,000 or less, a number of medium size towns, with population of upto one lakh each and a number of cities with population of more than one -lakh each, shou1d also bc~ ,tudied. DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES: While selecting the towns the following demographic features also should be kept III View. (a) Growth Rate-towns with (i) high gro'wth rate (ii) low growth rate and (iii) negative growth rate. (b) Dell5ity of Population-wwns with (i) high density of population, (ii) medium density of population, and (iii) low density of population. (c) Age-(i) Old historical towns which are still growing, (ii) Old declining towns, and (iii) new towns, should be represented. (iii) FUNCTIONAL TYPES: The sample should include towns representing each of the functional types as follows: (a) Service, (b) Mining or Plantation, (c) Craft (traditional), (d) Manufacturing (non-traditional), (e) Construction, (f) Trade and Commeyce, (g) Transport.