Sakhalin Offshore Oil: Environmental Concern ÌÎÐß ÐÎÑÑÈÈ: ñîõðàíåíèå áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ, óñòîé÷èâîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå ðåñóðñîâ è ýêîëîãè÷åñêàÿ áåçîïàñíîñòü RUSSIAN SEAS: biodiversity conservation, sustainable use of resources and environmental safety Edited by Vassily A. Spiridonov (WW Russia) 2003 CONTENT Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Preface ............................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Recommendations ................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1. Practice and Perspective of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Ecological Expert Review forProjects in Hydrocarbon Development on the Sakhalin Shelf By V.A. Spiridonov & V.K. Gorokhov (with contribution from V.E. Borisov and A.V. Amelin) .............................................................. 12 1.1. Brief History of Environmental Impact Assessments of the Sakhalin Oil Projects............................................ .......................... 12 1.1.1. Regulatory Eramework ............................................................................................................................................... 12 1.1.2. State Ecological Expert Rev iew and the Sakhalin projects............................................................... ................................. 13 1.2. Perspectives on Strategic EIAs for Offshore Oil and Gas Development in Russia ...................................................................... 15 1.2.1. Legal Basis .............................................................................................................................................................. 15 1.2.2. Methodological Basis.................................................................................................... ............................................. 16 1.2.3. Institutional Basis ...................................................................................................................................................... 18 1.2.4. Information Availability................................................................................................................................................ 19 Chapter 2. Background for the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA): Offshore Oil and Gas Development, Eisheries and Biodiversity. By M.V. Pereladov, O.Yu. Vilkova and A.V. Gebruk (with contribution from D.V. Lisitsyn and N.A. Barannikova) ........... 21 2.1. Methodology ............................................................................................................................................................... 21 2.2. Sakhalin Resources........................................................................................................ .............................................. 21 2.2.1. Renewable Resources..................................................................................................... ........................................... 21 2.2.1.1. Timber.................................................................................................................................................................. 21 2.2.1.2. Eisheries............................................................................................................. .................................................. 22 2.2.2 Non-renewable Resources: coal, oil, gas and others ........................................................................................................ 22 2.3. Industrial Development.................................................................................................................................................. 23 2.3.1 History and the Current Situation .................................................................................................................................. 23 2.3.2 Offshore Oil and Gas Projects ....................................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.3 Ways for Development ................................................................................................................................................. 25 2.4. Ecological Soundness of Oil and Gas Development Projects ................................................................................................ 27 2.5. Natural Protected Areas................................................................................................................................................ 28 Chapter 3. Social situation and attitudes towards nature use and future development in Sakhalin ................................................... 29 By A.V. Mozgovaya, E.M. Shlykova and A.I. Gorodnicheva 3.1. Background of the Analysis ............................................................................................................................................ 29 3.2. Sample Characteristics and Social Situation ...................................................................................................................... 30 3.3. The Role of Aquatic Living Resources in the Daily Life of the Sakhalin People .......................................................................... 30 3.4. Attitudes towards Nature Utilization ................................................................................................................................. 32 3.5. Perception of Prospective Development on Sakhalin........................................................................................................... 35 inal Note of the Editor ................................................................................................................................................... 37 References ........................................................................................................................................................................ 38 Appendix 1. Sakhalin 1 project first phase and its preliminary EIA ............................................................................................... 39 Appendix 2. Notes from public hearings for the second phase of the Sakhalin 2 project .................................................................. 43 Appendix 3. Western Pacific Gray whale .................................................................................................................................. 45 Appendix 4. Latin names of wildlife species mentioned in the text ................................................................................................ 48 About the authors and contributors ........................................................................................................................................ 48 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Many more persons than indicated as the authors and contributors of the present report helped to its completion. We are especially grateful to the Administration of Sakhalin for invaluable help in providing statistical data and supporting the sociological survey in summer 2000. Sian Pullen (WWE UK) and Heinz Stalder (WWE Switzerland) greatly encouraged the present work from the very beginning. Prof. Alexander B. Tzetlin (Moscow State University) suggested the idea of sociological survey and helped a lot in the process of its preparation. We also greatly appreciate the help of Igor M. Bystrov (Sakhalin Administration), Vassily I. Sokolov (Russian Eederal Institute for Marine Eisheries and Ocean- ography) and Andrei K. Klitin (Sakhalin Institute for Marine Eisheries and Oceanography), all the members and supporters of the Sakhalin Environment Watch who made a great contribution to the sociological survey. We thank Jennifer Banner-Prokhorova for linguistic editing, Prof. A.V. Leonov (Shirshov Instite for Oceanology), Dr. Nikolai N. Grishin (Centre for Ecological Projects), and Dr. Valery G. Papounov (International Ocean Institute) for providing important references and advice, Olga Demina and Elena Kuraeva for their great effort in the financial adminis- tration of the underlying projects and Anna Hodos for technical assistance. ABBREVIATIONS EIA Environmental Impact Assessment, a widely accepted tool to ensure that all environmental and social concerns are addressed early in the planning process of industrial projects. An EIA is required by law in many countries, including Russia and is also required in projects supported by, for example, the World Bank. GIS Geographic Information System IEAW International Eund for Animal Welfare IUCN World Conservation Union NGO Non-governmental organisation OCP Onshore Complex for Preparation of Production