13-1-2017 Ordinary supplement No 3/L of the OFFICIAL JOURNAL General Series No 10 National Strategic Framework Section A: Electrical power supply for transport Subsection one: National Infrastructure Plan for electric vehicle charging (PNire), pursuant to Article 17 septies of Law No 134 of 7 August 2012. 1 13-1-2017 Ordinary supplement No 3/L of the OFFICIAL JOURNAL General Series No 10 National Strategic Framework Section A: Electrical power supply for transport Subsection two: Assessment of need for power supply to mooring infrastructure in maritime ports and in inland navigation ports and assessment of need for power supply in airports for use by aircraft on the ground 2 13-1-2017 Ordinary supplement No 3/L of the OFFICIAL JOURNAL General Series No 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES 1. EUROPEAN POLICIES IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR 2. ELECTRIFICATION OF QUAYS - TECHNOLOGICAL STATUS 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 REFERENCE STANDARDS 3. ELECTRIFICATION OF QUAYS - THE ITALIAN SCENARIO 4. SUPPORT MEASURES FOR THE ELECTRIFICATION OF QUAYS 5. POWER SUPPLY TO AIRCRAFT ON THE GROUND - TECHNOLOGICAL STATUS 6. POWER SUPPLY TO AIRCRAFT ON THE GROUND – THE ITALIAN SCENARIO 7. POWER SUPPLY TO AIRCRAFT ON THE GROUND - SOCIAL IMPACT 8. SUPPORT MEASURES FOR POWER SUPPLY TO AIRCRAFT ON THE GROUND 8.1 AIRPORT AUTHORITIES AND OPERATORS 8.2 AIRLINE OPERATORS 9. FURTHER CONTRIBUTIONS TO REDUCTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN THE AIRPORT SECTOR REFERENCES APPENDIX A: 3 13-1-2017 Ordinary supplement No 3/L of the OFFICIAL JOURNAL General Series No 10 LIST OF TABLES Table No Table 1: Traffic data for the year 2015 and change from 2014 (Assaeroporti – Italian Association of Airport Managers – data updated March 2016) LIST OF FIGURES Figure No Figure 1: Energy dependence in 2013 and spending by European countries on petrol and diesel in 2012. Source: EUROSTAT. 4 13-1-2017 Ordinary supplement No 3/L of the OFFICIAL JOURNAL General Series No 10 1 EUROPEAN UNION POLICIES IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR Supporting innovation and efficiency, reducing dependence on petrol imports and guiding the transition to internal and renewable energy sources in the transport sector can help to achieve the key European objectives of stimulating economic growth, increasing employment and mitigating climate change. Specifically Italy presents one of the highest levels of energy dependence of any European country: 76.9 % in 2013. In 2012, crude oil imports amounted to 68.81 million tonnes while spending on petrol and diesel amounted to EUR 24.63 billion. (Fuelling Europe’s future. How auto innovation leads to EU jobs, Cambridge Econometrics (CE), in collaboration with Ricardo- AEA, Element Energy. 2013) (Figure 1). Figure 1: Energy dependence in 2013 and spending by European countries on petrol and diesel in 2012 Source: EUROSTAT. Objectives must therefore be defined for reducing energy consumption from fossil sources, mitigating CO2 emissions and improving air quality, through electrical power supply to aircraft on the ground and electrification of quays among other options. 5 13-1-2017 Ordinary supplement No 3/L of the OFFICIAL JOURNAL General Series No 10 2 ELECTRIFICATION OF QUAYS - TECHNOLOGICAL STATUS 2.1 INTRODUCTION The maritime transport sector for the carriage of passengers and goods contributes to emissions of harmful air pollutants, creating a problem for the port communities involved. The increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM) unburnt hydrocarbons (HCs or VOCs – benzene, formaldehyde, toluene, etc.) and carbon oxide (CO) concentrations constitute a threat to public health in ports and surrounding areas. For these reasons, and in particular those relating to emissions of gases and air pollutants with a high local impact (NOx, SOx, PM), supply of power to vessels in port from an external electricity source is an increasingly important question when planning on-board electrical systems and port logistics. The first vessels to adopt these types of solutions, designed to enable them to turn off the main engines of their generators when in port and receive supply from an external source (ashore), date from the early 2000s. This practice, which started in Alaskan and other US ports, has traditionally been known as ‘cold ironing’. Given the life cycle of ships and the percentage of new vessels likely to be built to operate with natural gas as an alternative fuel, it is thought that these latter will make up no more than 10 % to 11 % of operating vessels in 2030 (Source: Lloyds Register and University of London study). Provision of shore power for maritime and inland navigation vessels when moored, using a standard interface, may therefore play a fundamental part in reducing emissions in port areas. The benefits would be felt by the wider coastal communities and would allow redevelopment of port areas for tourism and commercial purposes. From a technical point of view, even though provision of shore power is not particularly complicated, it would nonetheless require the cooperation of all stakeholders (public institutions, ship owners, port authorities, port terminal managers) to achieve a high level of usage so that the investment would be commercially viable and the environmental impact could be reduced as much as possible. The need for simultaneous supply to a number of cruise ships, requiring very high levels of power, might involve strengthening of local transmission/distribution networks. This might also provide an important opportunity to improve the energy quality of entire urban areas in the various ports. 2.2 REFERENCE STANDARDS Rules and standards are available as follows: in 2012 the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation) and IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) jointly published Technical Standard IEC/ISO/IEEE 80005-1 – Ed. 2012-07 – Utility connections in port– Part 1: High Voltage Shore Connection (HVSC) Systems - General requirements. The standard aims to define safety requirements and standards for connections between ships and shore power sources. 6 13-1-2017 Ordinary supplement No 3/L of the OFFICIAL JOURNAL General Series No 10 The technical solutions are already at a mature stage and have been installed on cruise ships and cargo vessels that regularly moor at ports (mainly located in the US) with available shore connection to on- board power systems. In some cases there is considerable impact on port logistics and the electricity grid: it is estimated that each cruise ship requires electricity supply of at least 16 MVA (preferably 20 MVA), equal on average to 12.8 MWe. In general the limits imposed for pollutant emissions from thermoelectric power plants mean that use of shore connection systems for vessels in port has a positive environmental impact, especially where the energy required by the vessels is generated at sites that are distant from population centres or that use renewable energy sources. 7 13-1-2017 Ordinary supplement No 3/L of the OFFICIAL JOURNAL General Series No 10 3 ELECTRIFICATION OF QUAYS – THE ITALIAN SCENARIO A recent study by the University of Trieste on the redevelopment of the port area of Trieste highlights that the high-voltage line to the primary substations and relevant conversion substations would account for about 40 % of the cost of electrification of the port’s two quays for large cruise ships (with capacity to supply two cruise ships with 20 MVA of power each). The study highlights possible synergies between the electrification of the port and infrastructure for charging electric vehicles. The same line could probably supply fast and slow charging stations for electric vehicles without any additional cost. Systems for the power supply to vessels reduce not just emissions but also the impact of noise and vibrations from the motors of the ships at the berths. A study by the Genoa Port Authority also showed how, just for cruise ships and ferries using the port’s dry dock facilities, CO2 emissions could be reduced by 19 000 tonnes per year and NOx and SOx emissions by 2 400 tonnes per year on average through shore connections. The availability of shore connections for cruise ships in particular would also make Italian ports more attractive, given the increasing importance of social and environmental sustainability. The presence of global standards for electrification of quays would bring facilities in Italy into line with those in other ports worldwide, maximising their use. Technological development of control systems in intelligent networks allows considerable improvement of energy efficiency throughout ports and neighbouring areas, integrating infrastructure for charging electric vehicles and other port charging facilities. A relevant study conducted by the Sapienza University in Rome proposes an integrated approach to energy management in ports, including shore connections for berthed vessels, movement of goods (cranes) and related storage facilities such as cold storage rooms, also making power connections available for other purposes, such as infrastructure for public and private electric vehicles. Each port has its own special features due to its geographic location, its network of interconnections with shore infrastructure (road, motorways and railway), the type of maritime traffic and distance form urban areas. The environmental success of any system for electrification of the quays depends on a careful feasibility study and a case-by-case assessment carried out in advance