PROJECT FOR COMPREHENSIVE URBAN TRANSPORT PLAN OF THE GREATER YANGON (YUTRA) FINAL REPORT VOLUME I : MAIN TEXT December 2014 ALMEC Corporation Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd Nippon Koei Co., Ltd The exchange rate used in the report is: US$ 1.00 = MMK 1,000.00 Project for Comprehensive Urban Transport Plan of the Greater Yangon (YUTRA) FINAL REPORT : VOLUME I Image of Inner Ring Road and BRT Image of Elevated Railway and Yangon Station Development i Project for Comprehensive Urban Transport Plan of the Greater Yangon (YUTRA) FINAL REPORT : VOLUME I TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 STUDY BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES .................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 STUDY OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.3 STUDY AREA ........................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 STUDY SCHEDULE & FRAMEWORK............................................................................................ 1-4 1.5 COMPOSITION OF YUTRA REPORTS ........................................................................................ 1-4 1.6 PROJECT ORGANIZATION ......................................................................................................... 1-5 2 CURRENT TRANSPORT SITUATION, PROBLEMS, AND ISSUES ................................... 2-1 2.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................ 2-1 SOCIOECONOMIC AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS .................................. 2-1 MOTORIZATION AND TRANSPORT DEMAND ................................................................... 2-8 2.2 MAIN TRANSPORT COMPONENTS ........................................................................................... 2-12 ROAD ....................................................................................................................... 2-12 RAILWAY .................................................................................................................. 2-22 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY ......................................................................... 2-44 PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES .................................................................................. 2-66 WATER TRANSPORT ................................................................................................. 2-74 GOODS TRANSPORT (LAND) ...................................................................................... 2-89 IMPLICATIONS WITH NATIONAL TRANSPORT .............................................................. 2-110 2.3 TRANSPORT DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................................. 2-115 ROAD TRAFFIC VOLUME .......................................................................................... 2-115 EXTERNAL TRAFFIC VOLUME ................................................................................... 2-121 PERSON TRIPS ....................................................................................................... 2-126 MODAL SHARE ........................................................................................................ 2-129 TRIP GENERATION AND ATTRACTION ....................................................................... 2-133 HOURLY DISTRIBUTION OF TRIPS ............................................................................. 2-134 TRAVEL TIME AND SPEED ........................................................................................ 2-136 TRIP LENGTH AND DISTRIBUTION BY MODE .............................................................. 2-139 TRIP MAKER’S OPINION ........................................................................................... 2-143 2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND ISSUES ........................................................................... 2-145 POLICY, LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ............................................ 2-145 EXISTING CONDITIONS: SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ......................................................... 2-150 EXISTING CONDITIONS: NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ...................................................... 2-152 EXISTING CONDITIONS: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ............................................... 2-154 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT IN COMPREHENSIVE URBAN TRANSPORT PLAN OF THE GREATER YANGON ...................................................................................... 2-154 2.5 PUBLIC SECTOR PLANNING AND BUDGETING SYSTEMS .......................................................... 2-157 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................................ 2-157 ii Project for Comprehensive Urban Transport Plan of the Greater Yangon (YUTRA) FINAL REPORT : VOLUME I KEY MYANMAR INSTITUTIONS FOR NATIONAL PLANNING AND BUDGETING .................. 2-158 UNION BUDGETING PROCESS .................................................................................. 2-162 PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ................................... 2-163 FINANCING OF TRANSPORT PROJECTS ..................................................................... 2-167 2.6 TRANSPORT SECTOR INSTITUTIONS AND ADMINISTRATION ..................................................... 2-186 OVERALL ................................................................................................................ 2-186 MINISTRY OF RAIL TRANSPORTATION (MORT) ......................................................... 2-189 MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT (MOT) ............................................................................ 2-192 MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION (MOC) ...................................................................... 2-197 MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (MOHA) ..................................................................... 2-199 COMMITTEES UNDER YANGON REGION GOVERNMENT .............................................. 2-200 2.7 CURRENT TRANSPORT PROBLEMS AND ISSUES ..................................................................... 2-208 ROAD NETWORK AND TRAFFIC ................................................................................ 2-208 RAILWAY NETWORK AND SERVICES ......................................................................... 2-212 BUS TRANSPORT AND SERVICES ............................................................................. 2-215 WATER TRANSPORT AND SERVICES ......................................................................... 2-217 GOODS TRANSPORT ............................................................................................... 2-217 IMPLICATION WITH NATIONAL TRANSPORT ................................................................ 2-219 INSTITUTIONAL SETUP ............................................................................................. 2-221 3 TRANSPORT DEMAND CONTEXT .................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 URBAN DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO ............................................................................................ 3-1 3.1.1 DEVELOPMENT VISION OF GREATER YANGON .............................................................. 3-1 3.1.2 URBAN STRUCTURE OF GREATER YANGON .................................................................. 3-3 3.1.3 FUTURE LAND USE ..................................................................................................... 3-5 3.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................... 3-7 3.2.1 POPULATION ............................................................................................................... 3-7 3.2.2 EMPLOYMENT ........................................................................................................... 3-13 3.2.3 NUMBER OF STUDENTS ............................................................................................. 3-20 3.2.4 HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND CAR OWNERSHIP ............................................................... 3-24 3.2.5 SUMMARY OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK FOR GREATER YANGON ....................... 3-29 3.3 FUTURE TRANSPORT DEMAND ............................................................................................... 3-30 3.3.1 DEMAND FORECAST METHODOLOGY ......................................................................... 3-30 3.3.2 TRAVEL DEMAND FORECAST ..................................................................................... 3-30 3.3.3 IMPACT OF FORECAST TRAVEL DEMAND ON TRANSPORT INFRA STRUCTURE ................ 3-35 3.4 ASSESSMENT OF FUTURE DEMAND-SUPPLY GAPS .................................................................. 3-40 3.4.1 SETTING MINI SCREEN LINES .................................................................................... 3-40 3.4.2 DEMAND/SUPPLY GAPS ............................................................................................ 3-40 4 TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY ....................................................................... 4-1 4.1 OVERALL TRANSPORT POLICY .................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1.1 CURRENT URBAN DEVELOPMENT POLICY ...................................................................