Jurnal Biota Vol. 6 No. 1, 2020 ISSN: 2460-7746 (online); ISSN: 2528-262X (print) | 1 Density and nutrient content of Terebralia pallustris mangrove snails in mangrove ecosystems in Pannikiang Island, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Andi Nur Samsi1*, Sharifuddin Bin Andy Omar2, Andi Niartiningsih3, Eddy Soekendarsi4 1Biology Education Study Program, College of Teacher Training and Education Pembangunan Indonesia 2Fisheries Resource Management Study Program, Faculty of Fisheries And Marine Affairs, Hasanuddin University 3Marine Science Study Program, Faculty of Fisheries And Marine Affairs, Hasanuddin University 4Biology Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University *email: [email protected] Article Info ABSTRACT Mangrove snail, Terebralia palustris Linnnaeus 1967, was also Key word: found on Pannikiang Island, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi. Density This study aims to describe the fluctuation of T. palustris Terebralia palustris density in a year of observation. This research was conducted Pannikiang for ten months from August 2018 to July 2019. There were two research stations. Each station has a large plot measuring 10m x 10m and in it, five small plots are measuring 1m x 1m. Article history: Measurements of environmental parameters such as Received: 06/08/2019 temperature, salinity, and pH were carried out in situ. This Revised: 17/12/2019 snail meat as much as 100gr also analyzed proximate. The Accepted: 17/04/2020 proximate analysis of the snail shows that crude protein content is 18.73% so that the snail is very suitable to be used as a source of protein. The highest density is in July 2019 and the lowest density is in August 2018. Copyright © 2020 Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang. All Right Reserved Introduction cm (Carpenter & Niem, 1998). The size of T. The mangrove ecosystem located on palustris shells is three to four times the size Pannikiang Island, Barru Regency, is in good of T. sulcata and about twice the size of T. condition and is very dense with dense semistrata (Houbrick, 1991). Amounts are canopy cover. The area of mangrove cover on abundant and conspicuous in muddy Pannikiang Island reaches 89.01 hectares or mangroves and generally live in brackish reaches 87.45% of the island's land area water. The shell is large, elongated, and thick. (Irmayansari, 2016). The color of the shell is dark brown to bluish- Terebralia palustris mangrove snails are black. The aperture is shiny and blackish- snails that live in mangrove ecosystems, brown with a light brown columella especially on Pannikiang Island, Barru (Carpenter & Niem, 1998). The density of Regency, South Sulawesi (Samsi, 2017). This these snails in each place must be different species has the largest size among members of and depends on environmental factors that the Potamididae family. The maximum length influence it. This is the aim of this study. of T. palustris shell is 19 cm and most are 12 http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/biota 2 | Jurnal Biota Vol. 6 No. 1, 2020 Materials and Methods area, that is, the plot area (1 m x 1 m) 1. Research design multiplied by the number of replications (m2). This research was conducted in the mangrove ecosystem on Pannikiang Island, Results and Discussion Barru Regency, South Sulawesi from August a. Densities of Terebralia palustris 2018 to July 2019. Sampling was not Samsi (2014) found the average density of conducted in December 2018 and January T. palustris in 2014 on Pannikiang Island at -2 2019 due to weather constraints. The 24.6 ind m . Different results from 2018 to -2 coordinate points at station A are 4˚20'23 "S 2019 are an average density of 11.48 ind m . and 119’36'11" E while at station B are The highest average density was obtained in 4˚21'37 "S and 119'35'42" E. July 2019 and the lowest in August 2018 In this study, two research stations were (Figure 1). 20.00 used. Station A is located in the northern part 15.00 of the island and Station B is located in the 10.00 5.00 southern part of the island. At each station, a 0.00 plot of 10 m x 10 m was used and in this plot, there were small plots of 1 m x 1 m in a total Septe… July'19 Agustu… Februa… March'… Novem… Octobe… May'19 June'19 of 5 units (Samsi, 2017). April'19 Densities Densities (ind/m2) Observation each month 2. Population and samples The sample of this research is the T. Figure 1. Average density of T. palustris palustris mangrove snail associated with every month mangroves. Density is measured to find out how many 3. Sample collection techniques and individuals are in a certain area. Fratini, instrumental development Vannini, Vigiani, & Cannicci (2004) found 10.5 ind m-2 T. palustris in Kenya's Samples found for each plot are then put mangrove areas. Plaziat (1984) found T. into the plastic. Observations and sample palustris density of 150 ind m-2 while Slim et counts were carried out at the Laboratory of al. (1997) obtained a T. palustris density of Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Fisheries and 33 ind m-2 in the mangrove bay of Gazy Bay, Maritime Affairs, Hasanuddin University. Kenya. Patria & Putri (2017) found T. Proximate analysis was carried out at the palustris density of 25 ind m-2 on Pulau Laboratory of Animal Food Chemistry, Panjang, Banten. Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin 30 University. 20 Measurement of environmental 10 0 parameters (temperature, salinity, and pH of Station A seawater) is done in-situ before sampling. Station B Agust… Febru… Octob… June'19 Salinity is measured directly in the field April'19 using a hand-refractometer that has been Density (ind/m2) Observation every month previously rinsed with distilled water. 4. Data analysis techniques Figure 2. The average density of T. The density of T. palustris is calculated palustris every month at stations A and B using the following formula (Brower, Zar, & Von Ende, 1990): The density of T. palustris each month at stations A and B is different. The density of ni De = T. palustris at station A is higher than at A -2 station B (Figure 2).This is caused by several Note De = density (ind m ), ni = total number factors, namely the temperature of seawater, of individuals, A = total area of the sampling salinity of seawater, acidity of seawater, sediments and dominant plant species. http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/biota Jurnal Biota Vol. 6 No. 1, 2020 | 3 50 affect the nutritional content of snails (Ademolu et al., 2004; Emelue & 0 Station A Dododawa, 2017; Zhang et al., 2014). Fe… Ag… Ap… Jun… Oct… Station B Some snails can be consumed and (Celcius) Observation each month contain high nutrition. Engmann, Afoakwah, Temperature Darko, & Sefah (2013) found that Achatina Figure 3. Measurement of sea water achatina snails contained 82.96% protein, temperature every month total carbohydrate 3.26%, and fat 3.98%. Babalola & Akinsoyinu (2009) found a crude 40 protein content of 84.91% in Limicolaria sp., 20 79.28% in Achatina fulica, 75.28% in Station A Achatina achatina, and 73.67% in Salinity 0 Archachatina marginata. Station B Febr… Octo… Agus… June'… April'… Observation each month References Figure 4. Measurement of seawater Ademolu, K. O., Idowu, A. B., Mafiana, C. salinity every month F., & Osinowo, O. A. (2004). Performance , proximate and mineral The results of measurements of analyses of African giant land snail temperature and salinity of seawater at (Archachatina marginata) fed different stations A and B show results that are not nitrogen sources. African Journal of much different (Figures 3 and 4). However, Biotechnology, 3(8), 412–417. slightly different results are shown in Babalola, O. O., & Akinsoyinu, A. O. seawater acidity measurements at stations A (2009). Proximate Composition and and B (Figure 5). This striking difference can Mineral Profile of Snail Meat from be seen from September 2018 to March Different Breeds of Land Snail in 2019. Nigeria Proximate Composition and Mineral Profile of Snail Meat from b. The content of snails Different Breeds of Land Snail in This snail is consumed by local residents Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, as a source of protein. These snails are also 8(1), 1–4. consumed in Merauke (Pasaribu, Buyang, & https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2009.1842.1 Monika, 2019). Proximate analysis results 844 show that in every 100 grams of mangrove Brower, J. E., Zar, J. H., & Von Ende, C. N. snails it contains 67.84% water, crude (1990). Field and Laboratory Methods protein 18.73%, crude fat 0.39%, crude fiber for General Ecology. Dubuque: Wm.C. 0.16%, the ash content of 4.16 %, and Brown Publishers. Extraction Material without Nitrogen of Carpenter, K. E., & Niem, V. H. (Eds.). 8.72%. Pasaribu et al. (2019) showed (1998). FAO species identification slightly different results, namely an average guide for fishery purpose. The living water content of 78.66%, an average protein marine resources of the Western of 28.68%, an average fat of 3.31%, and an Central Pacific. Volume 1. Seaweeds, average ash content of 28.13 %. The corals, bivalves and gastropods. Rome: difference in the nutritional content of T. FAO. palustris snails is influenced by several Emelue, G. U., & Dododawa, Z. (2017). factors, namely body weight, feed, length Nutritional Composition of African and shape of the shell (Ademolu, Idowu, Giant Land Snail (Archachatina Mafiana, & Osinowo, 2004), environmental marginata) Fed on Diet from Different factors, age of the snail, and even gender. Protein Sources. Journal of Agriculture Sources of protein and nitrogen (feed) will http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/biota 4 | Jurnal Biota Vol. 6 No.