GOVERNMENT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKHTUNKHWA HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY PESHAWAR UPGRADATION / REHABILITATION OF ROAD FROM SHAMOZAI Public Disclosure Authorized TO DADAHARA ON THE RIGHT BANK OF RIVER SWAT UNDER KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA EMERGENCY ROAD RECOVERY PROJECT (KP-ERRP) Public Disclosure Authorized FROM KM 10+700 TO KM 24+850 (LENGTH: 14.15 KM) Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT DECEMBER 2013 Public Disclosure Authorized JB063–T–RB GOVERNMENT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKHTUNKHWA HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY PESHAWAR UPGRADATION / REHABILITATION OF ROAD FROM SHAMOZAI TO DADAHARA ON THE RIGHT BANK OF RIVER SWAT UNDER KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA EMERGENCY ROAD RECOVERY PROJECT (KP-ERRP) FROM KM 10+700 TO KM 24+850 (LENGTH: 14.15 KM) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT DECEMBER 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS ......................................................................................................... x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ xii 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Overview ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Environmental and Social Screening and Assessment Framework .......... 5 1.3 Basic Features of the Proposed Project ..................................................... 5 1.4 The Study Objectives .................................................................................. 6 1.5 Study Methodology ...................................................................................... 6 1.5.1 Environmental Assessment Process .............................................. 6 1.5.2 Field Surveys ................................................................................... 8 1.5.3 Women Consultations ..................................................................... 9 1.6 Project Classification ................................................................................... 9 1.7 The Report Structure ................................................................................... 9 2.0 INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .............................................................. 11 2.1 Applicable International Environmental Laws and Regulations ............... 11 2.1.1 International Framework................................................................ 11 2.1.2 The World Bank Operational Policies ........................................... 11 2.1.3 Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) .......................................... 11 2.2 National Environmental Regulatory / Legal Requirements....................... 16 2.2.1 Institutional Arrangements ............................................................ 16 2.2.2 National Conservation Strategy (NGS) – Pakistan ....................... 16 2.2.3 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 .............................. 17 2.2.4 Regulations for Environmental Assessment ................................. 18 2.2.5 Guidelines for Public Consultations .............................................. 18 2.2.6 National Environmental Quality Standards for Ambient Air – November, 2010 ......................................................................... 19 2.2.7 National Standards for Drinking Water Quality – November, 2010 ............................................................................ 20 2.2.8 National Environmental Quality Standards for Noise – November, 2010 ............................................................................ 23 2.3 International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC) Clauses ......... 26 2.4 Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas ............................................... 27 2.5 Forest Act, 1927 ........................................................................................ 27 2.6 The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wildlife Act, 1974 ............................................ 27 2.7 The Antiquities Act, 1975 .......................................................................... 27 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ..................................................................... 28 3.1 Location ..................................................................................................... 28 3.2 Road Length .............................................................................................. 28 iii 3.3 Existing Road Dimensions ........................................................................ 28 3.4 Drainage Structures .................................................................................. 29 3.5 Scope of work ............................................................................................ 29 3.6 Existing Road Condition ............................................................................ 29 3.7 Design Criteria ........................................................................................... 31 3.8 Work and Material ..................................................................................... 31 3.8.1 Estimated Work / Major Work Items ............................................. 31 3.9 Raw Material Availability ........................................................................... 31 3.10 Machinery to be Used ............................................................................... 32 3.11 Equipment and Installations ...................................................................... 33 3.12 Construction Schedule .............................................................................. 33 3.13 Construction Logistics ............................................................................... 34 3.13.1 Work Base ..................................................................................... 34 3.13.2 Labor Supply ................................................................................. 34 3.13.3 Labor Camps ................................................................................. 34 3.13.4 Machinery Maintenance and Equipment Yards ............................ 34 3.13.5 Material Depots ............................................................................. 35 3.13.6 Approach to Work Bases .............................................................. 35 3.13.7 Camp Offices ................................................................................. 35 3.13.8 Security Arrangements .................................................................. 35 3.13.9 Healthcare ..................................................................................... 35 3.13.10 Labor Reporting Office ............................................................... 35 3.13.11 Labor Transport .......................................................................... 35 3.13.12 Work Uniform and Health Safety Equipment ............................. 36 3.13.13 Signage and Diversion Roads ................................................... 36 3.13.14 Lighting and Illumination ............................................................ 36 3.14 Safe Design Criteria .................................................................................. 36 4.0 BASELINE STUDY OF PROJECT AREA ............................................................ 38 4.1 The Project Area of Impact ....................................................................... 38 4.2 Physical Environment ................................................................................ 38 4.2.1 Geography ..................................................................................... 38 4.2.2 Geology ......................................................................................... 39 4.2.3 Seismicity....................................................................................... 39 4.2.1 Land Use ....................................................................................... 39 4.2.2 Water Resources ........................................................................... 41 4.2.3 Climate ........................................................................................... 44 4.2.4 Natural Event History .................................................................... 49 4.2.5 Cultural Heritage and Archaeology ............................................... 49 4.3 Biological Environment .............................................................................. 49 4.3.1 Fauna ............................................................................................. 49 4.3.2 Mammals ....................................................................................... 49 4.3.3 Flora ............................................................................................... 51 iv 4.3.4 Fish ................................................................................................ 53 4.3.5 Rangelands ................................................................................... 53 4.3.6 Protected Areas ............................................................................. 53 4.3.7 Endangered Species ..................................................................... 54 4.3.8 Forest ............................................................................................. 54 4.4 Social Environment ................................................................................... 54 4.4.1 Population .....................................................................................