X2Rail-1 Project Title: Start-up activities for Advanced Signalling and Automation Systems Starting date: 01/09/2016 Duration in months: 36 Call (part) identifier: H2020-S2RJU-CFM-2015-01-1 Grant agreement no: 730640 Deliverable D7.1 Analysis of existing lines and economic models Due date of deliverable Month 09 Actual submission date 18-02-2019 Organization name of lead contractor for this deliverable 18-TTS Dissemination level PU Revision DB-001-02-R2 Deliverable template version: 02 (09/11/16) X2Rail-1 Deliverable D7.1 Analysis of existing lines and economic models Authors Author(s) Alstom Transport S.A. (ALS) Pierre Damien Jourdain AZD Praha SRO (AZD) Michal Pavel Lukas Michalik BOMBARDIER TRANSPORTATION SWEDEN AB (BTSE) Jorgen Mattisson INDRA (INDRA) Francisco Parrilla Thales Transportation Systems GMBH (TTS) Ana Millán Belen Losada Trafikverket – TRV (TRV) Jan Bystrom Contributor(s) ANSALDO STS S.p.A. (ASTS) Giovanni Canepa CAF Signalling S.L. (CAF) Ignacio Gonzalez Deutsche Bahn AG (DB) Julian Mohr MERMEC SPA (MERMEC) Vito Caliandro Siemens (SIE) Jose Manuel Mellado GA 730640 Page 2 of 165 X2Rail-1 Deliverable D7.1 Analysis of existing lines and economic models 1. Executive Summary The present document constitutes the first issue of Deliverable D7.1 “Analysis of existing lines and economic models” in the framework of the Project titled “Start-up activities for Advanced Signalling and Automation Systems” (Project Acronym: X2Rail-1; Grant Agreement No 730640). Although modern signalling systems are going to considerably reduce trackside equipment in the next years, a source of the innovation step proposed by the X2Rail-1 WP7 is to provide fully distributed control of remote trackside objects such as points, level crossings, etc., without requiring the necessity to install specialized trackside cabling and associated cable routes, ducting etc. Additionally a higher data band-width in modern communication links could be used for transmission of status reports/maintenance information and further required data. The Smart Wayside Object Controller (SWOC) is a piece of equipment that is directly connected to the Wayside Objects, on one side, and to the Route Management Systems (Interlocking, TMS, ATP, etc.), on the other side; and to other SWOCs. The SWOC manages control, maintenance and diagnosis data related to the Wayside Object; and may also supply power to them. The objective of this document is to analyse the existing lines and economic model from the perspective of the wayside objects, in order to demonstrate the soundness of the concept of object controllers (OCs) realizing a distributed approach to rail automation. The further objective is to analyse the state-of-the-art technologies for wireless data transmission, for power supply and energy harvesting and for maintenance and diagnosis. The main points to be achieved are: define and demonstrate feasibility of Smart wayside object controllers, connecting with communication networks (wireless, existing, public, etc.), using locally derived power supply, resulting in reducing power consumption, reduction of required cabling, enabling wireless data exchange with existing and/ or new TMS and enhanced availability of maintenance data. To reach them, the following activities have been carried out: · Analyse the different economic models, from high performance lines to low density and geographical distributed, as could be freight and regional. · Analyse the state-of-the-art of wireless communication technologies · Analyse the state-of-the-art of technical possibilities within power supply area. Regarding this issue it has been relevant to have a look to two aspects: more effective power supply and reduction of power consumption in field elements themselves. GA 730640 Page 3 of 165 X2Rail-1 Deliverable D7.1 Analysis of existing lines and economic models · Analyse the state-of-the-art of maintenance and diagnosis From these different analyses we have been be able to obtain the results described in the following paragraphs: Even though Regional Rail lines ares the most convenient scenario where the proposal of SWOC is a priori approachable in economic terms; we can conclude that the distributed SWOC solution should be flexible enough to match the challenges and scalability of the new projects in all rail topologies. Concerning wireless communication technologies, we can expose that SWOC will be able to connect to different wireless networks as long as they are available in the area and meet the requirements needed according the application. Besides that, proprietary application of wireless links in different topologies can be deployed. The specific solution that ensures energy supply to a “self-sufficient smart object” depends on the configuration and power consumption of the object controller, on the environmental conditions for energy harvesting and on the mode of the railway line operation. After knowing high operating cost of any production system is caused by maintenance, maintainability of the product is the essence to assure the remote operability; provided by the wireless capability (power, wireless connection). GA 730640 Page 4 of 165 X2Rail-1 Deliverable D7.1 Analysis of existing lines and economic models Table of Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 3 2. ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................. 9 3. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................. 16 4. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE............................................................................................................ 17 4.1. EXPECTED IMPACT OF THE “SMART WAYSIDE OBJECTS CONTROLLERS” .................................................. 20 5. ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC MODELS ............................................................................................... 22 5.1. OBJECTIVE .............................................................................................................................. 22 5.2. TOPICS FOR THE ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................... 22 5.3. REPRESENTATIVE SCENARIOS ....................................................................................................... 24 5.3.1. Mainline/High-Speed Rail ............................................................................................ 25 5.3.2. Urban / Metro ............................................................................................................. 26 5.3.3. Regional Rail ............................................................................................................... 27 5.3.4. Secondary Rail ............................................................................................................. 28 5.3.5. Station & Yard ............................................................................................................. 28 5.4. FACTORS INVOLVED (RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY) .................................................................................. 29 5.4.1. Type of WO ................................................................................................................. 29 5.4.2. Communication ........................................................................................................... 30 5.4.3. Power .......................................................................................................................... 31 5.4.4. Diagnosis and Maintenance ......................................................................................... 32 5.5. PROPOSED SCENARIO................................................................................................................. 32 5.6. ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC MODELS ................................................................................................. 34 5.6.1. Feasibility of SWOC ...................................................................................................... 35 5.6.2. Centralized & wired solutions vs Distributed & wireless solutions.................................. 37 5.6.3. Diagnosis and Maintenance ......................................................................................... 38 5.6.4. OC/SWOC Power ......................................................................................................... 38 5.7. RESULT OF THE ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 40 6. ANALYSIS OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART OF THE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ...... 48 6.1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE ................................................................................................................. 48 6.2. OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................. 48 6.3. WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES .................................................................................. 49 6.3.1. Advantages & Disadvantages of Wireless Networks ..................................................... 49 6.3.2. Available terrestrial wireless technologies .................................................................... 51 6.3.2.1. Communications protocols..........................................................................................