MDAO for Conceptual Aircraft Design at Northrop Grumman Phoenix Integration Model Based System Engineering (MBSE) Workshop February 21, 2019 Kentaro Sugiyama MDAO IPT Lead Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems Approved for public release; NG19-0290 Outline Note: We will attempt to answer the following questions from a military aircraft designer perspective: • Why Multi-Disciplinary Analysis & Optimization (MDAO) • What is MDAO? • How to Implement MDAO? • Application Example • Lessons Learned • Concluding Remarks 2 Approved for public release; NG19-0290 Why MDAO? Strategic Application of MDAO and MBE to Realize Potential Large Return-on-Investment (ROI) Total Life Cycle Cost (TLCC) Approximately less than 10% of Total Life Cycle Cost (TLCC) is spent in Concept Exploration, but has a significant effect on downstream costs and TLCC. Operating and Disposal Support (O&S) Cost Cost Investment Research Cost and Development Cost Operations and Support Phase Disposal Phase Concept Exploration/ Definition Production and Phase Deployment Phase Demonstration/ • Easy and inexpensive to make adjustments to the design Validation Phase in Concept Exploration; costly if made thereafter. Engineering/ Manufacturing • Programmatic decisions made here will affect the Development Phase program for the rest of its life. How do you make the best engineering and programmatic decisions in concept exploration to maximize affordability? 3 Approved for public release; NG19-0290 Why MDAO? Strategic Application of MDAO and MBE to Realize Potential Large Return-on-Investment (ROI) Total Life Cycle Cost (TLCC) Leverage MDAO up-front Operating and Disposal Support (O&S) Cost Cost Investment Research Cost and Development Cost Operations and Support Phase Disposal Phase Concept Exploration/ Definition Production and Phase Deployment Phase Demonstration/ Validation Phase Engineering/ Apply MBE best-practices during all Manufacturing phases of fighter aircraft acquisition Development Phase Leveraging MDAO early in Concept Exploration and applying MBE best-practices during all phases of military aircraft acquisition could result in huge payoffs of TLCC reduction 4 Approved for public release; NG19-0290 Why MDAO? Military Aircraft Design is a Complex Process Multi-Disciplinary Analysis & Optimization (MDAO) Operations Analysis Survivability Operational Affordability Requirements Cost Estimation Lethality Costs Signatures Availability/Reliability Procurement O&S Analysis Configuration Missions Operations & Sustainment Life-Cycle Manufacturing Performance Aerodynamics Balanced Aircraft Aircraft Design Propulsion Performance Military / Business Case Speed/Altitude Structures & Loads Requirements Range/Endurance Emerging Threats Mass Properties Payload Technology Advances Economics Program Management Subsystems Capability Need MDAO enables the designer/analyst to efficiently and confidently search for and achieve the best balance of maximum capability and affordability in response to the Warfighter’s needs 5 Approved for public release; NG19-0290 What is MDAO? Numerical / Computational Approach A process, methodology, philosophy…not a specific tool or a group of people… a framework… An approach to connect multiple disciplines together to create one cohesive analysis… • Facilitates improved engineering efficiencies • Helps explore and visualize larger design spaces • Enables better understanding of complex design interactions • Provides sensitivities for varying: – Engineering disciplines’ parameters – System requirements MDAO facilitates deciding what factors to change and to what levels, tracking and recording the responses, when everything influences everything else 6 Approved for public release; NG19-0290 What is MDAO? Enabler of Real-Time Stakeholder Interaction VCAT_Supersonic Strike parametric CATIA model Customer Program Manager MDAO Architect Chief Eng Performance Sys Eng FA-XX SupersonicVCAT Supersonic Strike, Strike, 2 2 x F119F119 Engines Class Engines CenterlineCenterline Length Length = 62', 62’, Unconstrained 1,756 lbs TOGW Weapons 110,000 65.0 105,000 30.0 66.5 100,000 35.0 Aircraft: 1,2001,200 Forebody Sweep Wing_Leading 1.51.5 68.00 • Non-recurring cost 95,000 40.0 (deg) (lbs) (lbs) Edge Sweep 1,1001,100 (deg) 1.61.6 69.50 • MTOGW45.0 • Time on station (EMD/SDD) 90,000 1.71.7 1,0001,000 71.00 50.0 85,000 • Max Mach 900 • Number of aircraft required • Recurring cost 55.0 72.50 1.81.8 1.9 off Gross Gross Weight off - 80,000 800 800800 off Gross Gross Weight off - 60.0 74.00 (Prototype/LRIP/Production) • Payload 2.0 • Cost per Kill 65.0 700700 75,000 1.9 Max TakeMax 700 2.02.0 600 • O&S costs 600 700 Max Take Max 70,000 • Mission 600 2.12.1 600 Max 2.2 500 Breguet (Training, Maintenance & Overhaul, Fuel) Design 500 65,000 Subsonic RaidusRadius* MachRadius/Endurance (nms) 60,000 7 Approved for public release; NG19-0290 What is MDAO? Tools Integration Wrapper / Input Parser • Specify where the input file resides • Specify what input fields to track and overwrite Execution Control • Specify where the tool resides • Specify how to execute the tool Program Input Code Script Integration Tool Execution Executable Framework Spreadsheet Model Output Wrapper / Output Parser • Specify where the output file resides • Specify what output fields to keep track and read Once integrated, the tool is considered “wrapped” and can be executed automatically by the Integration Framework 8 Approved for public release; NG19-0290 What is MDAO? Design Process Automation / Design Space Exploration Factors (Variables) Design of Experiments (DOE) Input Levels (Intervals) Integration Tool Execution Framework Output Database Responses (Outputs) Once the design process is automated, this enables Design Space Exploration with a variety of Design of Experiments (DOE) techniques 9 Approved for public release; NG19-0290 What is MDAO? Design Process Automation / Design Space Exploration Factors (Variables) Design of Experiments (DOE) Input Levels (Intervals) Integration Tool Execution Framework Output Database Responses (Outputs) Once the design process is automated, this enables Design Space Exploration with a variety of Design of Experiments (DOE) techniques 10 Approved for public release; NG19-0290 What is MDAO? Design Process Optimization Parameters Factors (Variables) Design of Optimization Constraints Experiments (DOE) Input ObjectivesLevels (Intervals) Integration Tool Execution Framework Output Database Outputs Once the design space has been explored, a variety of Optimization techniques may be applied to find local/global maximums and minimums of some specified objective function, subject to given constraints, in the design space 11 Approved for public release; NG19-0290 What is MDAO? Executing Multi-Disciplinary Tools in Concert MDAO Architecture / Workflow Discipline ‘G’ Discipline ‘F’ MDAO Software / Framework Discipline ‘H’ DOE Library Input Optimization Library Integration DisciplineTool ‘A’Execution Framework Database Manager Output Discipline ‘B’ Visualization Library Discipline ‘C’ Discipline ‘E’ Discipline ‘D’ Utilizing Phoenix Integration’s ModelCenter® software, NGC MDAO capability is achieved through the integration of internally approved and calibrated models, with buy-in from seasoned aircraft design and analysis experts 12 Approved for public release; NG19-0290 What is MDAO? Disciplined and Organized Process Workflows Aircraft Design Operations Analysis (OA) & Analysis & Life Cycle Cost (LCC) Configuration Life-Cycle Cost OA Mission Survivability Effectiveness Aerodynamics Operations & Support Propulsion Manufacturing & Assembly Mass Properties Mission Systems Loads & Stability & Performance Subsystems Structures Dynamics Control MDAO framework systematically links CAD and analytical systems, with Life Cycle Cost and Operations Analysis, to provide a more disciplined approach 13 Approved for public release; NG19-0290 How to Implement MDAO? Development and Execution Detail 4. Identify 5. Design Space 1. Problem Definition 3. Parametric Discipline 2. Concept Exploration, (Requirements, Model Models, Fidelity, Preferred Development Sensitivities & Independent Variables Development Interfaces and Configuration(s) (Sizing) Optimization and KPP’s) (Configuration) V&V (Optimization) (N2 Diagram) Design J I H G Space E F Exploration K D C B Discipline Configuration KPP Review Selection L A Radius (nm) Customers, Stakeholders and Suppliers 1. Problem Definition 2. Concept Development (sizing) 3. Parametric Model Development (configuration) – Develop parametric CAD model 4. Identify Discipline Models, Fidelity levels, Model Interfaces, Verification and Validation (V&V) – Develop N^2 Diagram by integrating discipline analysis tools 5. Design Space Exploration, Sensitivity Analysis, Constraint Assessment and Optimization Trade Studies – Down select to Preferred Configuration(s) As MDAO model evolves from Conceptual to Preliminary and Detailed design, it involves more constraints, increasing fidelity models, and more SME interactions 14 Approved for public release; NG19-0290 How to Implement MDAO? Hardware / Software MDAO Architecture Northrop Grumman *via Proxy server, SSH Network Firewall MDAO Anywhere approach lowers the barriers to company-wide adoption and facilitates the use of remote computing resources 15 Approved for public release; NG19-0290 Example Integration: ESAVE N2 Model (Efficient Supersonic Air Vehicle Exploration) • Requirements Design Space Definition – Mission – Structures – Flight Controls • Constraints – Propulsion Pareto Frontier Optimizer – Structures