CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS No. 4(40), 2006 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Journal of Social and Political Studies 4(40) 2006 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 1 No. 4(40), 2006FOUNDED AND PUBLISHEDCENTRAL ASIA AND BYTHE CAUCASUS INSTITUTE INSTITUTE O OR CENTRAL ASIAN AND STRATEGIC STUDIES O CAUCASIAN STUDIES THE CAUCASUS Registration number: 620720-0459 Registration number: M-770 State Administration for Ministry of Justice of Patents and Registration of Sweden Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press®. SWEDEN Registration number: 969713-2695 Journal registration number: 23 614 State Administration for Patents and Registration of Sweden E d i t o r i a l C o u n c i l Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council ISMAILOV Tel./fax: (994 - 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Murad ESENOV Editor-in-Chief Tel./fax: (46) 920 62016 E-mail: [email protected] Jannatkhan Executive Secretary (Baku, Azerbaijan) EYVAZOV Tel./fax: (994 - 12) 499 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Klara represents the journal in Kazakhstan (Almaty) KHAFIZOVA Tel./fax: (7 - 3272) 67 51 72 E-mail: [email protected] Ainura ELEBAEVA represents the journal in Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek) Tel.: (996 - 312) 51 26 86 E-mail: [email protected] Jamila MAJIDOVA represents the journal in Tajikistan (Dushanbe) Tel.: (992 - 917) 72 81 79 E-mail: [email protected] Mukhabat represents the journal in Uzbekistan (Tashkent) KHAMRAEVA Tel.: (998 - 71) 184 94 91 E-mail: [email protected] Aghasi YENOKIAN represents the journal in Armenia (Erevan) Tel.: (374 - 1) 54 10 22 E-mail: [email protected] Ziya KENGERLI represents the journal in Azerbaijan (Baku) Tel.: (+994 50) 3006694 E-mail: [email protected] Guram represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi) GOGIASHVILI Tel.: (995 - 32) 98 96 33 E-mail: [email protected] Sun ZHUANGZHI represents the journal in China (Beijing) Tel.: (86) 10-64039088 E-mail: [email protected] Konrad SCHÄFFLER represents the journal in Germany (Munich) Tel.: (49 - 89) 3003132 E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir MESAMED represents the journal in the Middle East (Jerusalem) Tel.: (972 - 2) 5882332 E-mail: [email protected] Irina EGOROVA represents the journal in the Russian Federation (Moscow) Tel.: (7 - 495) 3163146 E-mail: [email protected] Rustem ZHANGUZHIN represents the journal in Ukraine (Kiev) Tel.: (380-44) 524-79-132 E-mail: [email protected] CENTRAL ASIA AND THEE DCAUCASUS I T O R I A L B O A R D No. 4(40), 2006 Giuli ALASANIA Doctor of History, professor, Vice Rector of the International Black Sea University (Georgia) Bülent ARAS Doctor, Chair, Department of International Relations, Fatih University (Turkey) Mariam ARUNOVA Doctor of Political Science, leading research associate, Institute of Oriental Studies, RAS (Russian Federation) Garnik ASATRIAN Doctor of Philology, professor, head of the Department of Iranian Studies, Erevan State University (Armenia) Murat AUEZOV Executive Director, Soros-Kazakhstan Foundation (Kazakhstan) Bakyt BESHIMOV Doctor of History, professor, Vice President, American University-Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan) Ariel COHEN Doctor, leading analyst, The Heritage Foundation, U.S.A. (U.S.A.) William FIERMAN Doctor of Political Science, Professor of Indiana University (U.S.A.) Paul GOBLE Senior Advisor, Voice of America (U.S.A.) Sergei GRETSKY Doctor, Chair of Central Asian Studies, Foreign Service Institute, U.S. Department of State (U.S.A.) Xing GUANGCHENG Doctor of Political Science, professor, Deputy Director of the Institute for East European, Russian and Central Asian Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (China) Alexander IGNATENKO Doctor of Philosophy, specialist in Islamic studies, leading expert of the Institute of Social Systems, Moscow State University, member of the Council for Cooperation with Religious Associations under the Russian Federation President (Russian Federation) Ashurboi IMOMOV Ph.D. (Law), assistant professor, head of the Department of Constitutional Law, Tajik National University (Tajikistan) Lena JONSON Doctor, senior researcher, Swedish Institute of International Affairs (Sweden) Hasan KULIEV Doctor of Philosophy, professor, department head, Institute of Philosophy, AS of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan) Jacob M. LANDAU Professor of Political Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israel) S. Neil MACFARLANE Professor, Director, Center for International Studies, The University of Oxford (Great Britain) Alexei MALASHENKO Doctor of History, professor, Scholar-in-Residence, Ethnicity and Nation-Building Program Co-Chair, The Carnegie Moscow Center (Russian Federation) Abbas MALEKI Dr., Director General, International Institute for Caspian Studies (Iran) Akira Ph.D., History of Central Asia and the Caucasus, Program Officer, The Sasakawa Peace MATSUNAGA Foundation (Japan) Roger N. McDERMOTT Honorary Senior Research Fellow, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Kent at Canterbury (UK) Vitaly NAUMKIN Doctor of History, professor, Director, Center for Strategic and International Studies of RF (Russian Federation) Yerengaip OMAROV Professor, Rector of Kainar University, President of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan) Vladimer PAPAVA Doctor of Economics, professor, Corresponding member of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Senior Fellow of the Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (Georgia) S. Frederick STARR Professor, Chairman, The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, The Johns Hopkins University (U.S.A.) Farkhod TOLIPOV Ph.D. (Political Science), assistant professor, Political Science Department, National University of Uzbekistan (Uzbekistan) The materials that appear in the journal do not necessarily reflect the Editorial Board and the Editors’ opinion EDITORIAL OFFICE: CA&CC Press AB Hubertusstigen 9. 97455 Luleå SWEDEN WEB ADDRESS: http://www.ca-c.org © Central Asia and the Caucasus, 2006 3 © CA&CC Press®, 2006 No. 4(40), 2006 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Journal of Social and Political Studies No. 4(40), 2006 IN THIS ISSUE: C I V I L S O C I E T Y Sergey Diachenko. POLITICAL PARTIES OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE 2005 ELECTION CAMPAIGN: LESSONS, CONCLUSIONS, AND PROSPECTS ........................... 7 Bakyt Baimatov. INDIGENOUS DIMENSIONS OF “CIVIL SOCIETY” IN KYRGYZSTAN—PERSPECTIVES FROM THE MARGINS ................................................................. 15 Shamsiddin DIALECTICS OF THE EMERGENCE Karimov. OF A CIVIL SOCIETY AND STATE SUPPORT OF NGOS IN TAJIKISTAN .................................................. 25 R E G I O N A L E C O N O M I E S Rafael Ultanbaev. EURASIAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY IN NEW INTEGRATION CONDITIONS ............................... 31 4 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS No. 4(40), 2006 Vladimir Babak. THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR IN KAZAKHSTAN ......................................................................... 41 Sergey Smirnov. TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN KAZAKHSTAN ...................................................................... 55 Lasha KYRGYZSTAN AT A CROSSROADS: Tchantouridze. FACING THE ECONOMIC CAUSES OF THE TULIP REVOLUTION ..................................................... 61 Zalkar Kamalov. THE INVESTMENT SECTOR AND TNC ACTIVITIES IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC ...................................................... 70 R E G I O N A L P O L I T I C S Atajan Iazmuradov. GREATER SOUTH ASIA—AMERICA’S NEW REGIONAL APPROACH TO CENTRAL AND SOUTH ASIA: HOW IT IS DEVELOPING AND WHAT PROMPTED IT ................................................................... 79 Nikolai Silaev. GUAM AND THE SMALLER GAME IN THE POST-SOVIET EXPANSE ............................................ 90 Yelda Demýrað. PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE SOUTHERN CAUCASUS .............................................. 98 Sossi Tatikian. EURO-ATLANTIC INTEGRATION TRENDS OF THE SOUTH CAUCASIAN STATES ...................................... 107 Zakir Chotaev. THE MULTILATERAL STRUCTURES AND LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF RUSSIA’S SECURITY POLICY IN CENTRAL ASIA ......................................................................... 113 Timur Dadabaev. LIVING CONDITIONS, INTRA-SOCIETAL TRUST, AND PUBLIC CONCERNS IN POST-SOCIALIST TURKMENISTAN ..................................... 122 Jan Šír. THE RUSSIAN VECTOR IN TURKMENISTAN’S FOREIGN POLICY ............................... 132 5 No. 4(40), 2006 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS R E L I G I O N I N S O C I E T Y Renat Bekkin. IRAN: EXPERIMENTING WITH THE ISLAMIC ECONOMY .......... 142 FOR YOUR INFORMATION The Special Feature section in the next issue will discuss: Central Asia and the Caucasus n Energy Policy and Energy Projects n Religion in the Sociopolitical Context n Political Parties and Civil Society 6 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS No. 4(40), 2006 CIVIL SOCIETY POLITICAL PARTIES OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE 2005 ELECTION CAMPAIGN: LESSONS, CONCLUSIONS, AND PROSPECTS Sergey DIACHENKO D.Sc. (Political Science), Deputy Chairman of the Majilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Astana, Kazakhstan) oday, with the democratic reforms moving ahead, with domestic political stability due to an effective presidency, and with clear prospects for the country’s social and economic develop- T ment, the problem of sociopolitical consolidation has come to the fore, while political parties are tending to integrate into larger units. In democratic countries, the political parties involved in various ways in state administration have an important role to play in shaping the power system. This stirs civil society