METAMATERIAL DESIGN ANTENNA FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION INTEGRATED WITH SOLAR PANEL G. Jeevagan Navukarasu Lenin1*, R. Vimala2, R. Dhanasekaran3, S. Arun Prakash4 and K. Baskaran5 1Department of ECE, Anna University- University College of Engineering, Ramanathapuram, India. 2Department of EEE, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, India. 3Department of EEE, Syed Ammal Engineering College, Ramanathapuram, India. 4Department of EEE, Anna University- University College of Engineering, Ramanathapuram, India. 5Department of CSE, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, India. *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Today biomedical application holds a vital role an increase in antenna bandwidth. This can be in medical diagnosis and treatment and as an academic achieved by loading the radiating element of a patch discipline. In recent days glucose monitoring, insulin with complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR), pumps, deep brain simulations and endoscopy are a few employing a metamaterial superstrate or using CSRR examples of the medical applications through body in the ground plane. The future mobile applications implantable units. Antennas are placed into human bodies or mounted over the torso (skin-fat-muscle) to form a make use of the solar panel for self-power. The biomedical application and exterior instruments can be drawback is the size limitation for antenna in mobile arranged to be used for short range biotelemetry devices. The three main design types of mobile applications. Remote monitoring allows the diagnosis of photovoltaic antenna include the use of solar cells as diseases and can be serving as the application of hospital an RF ground plane, as a radiating element and as RF at home, this installation of instruments reduces the stacked parasitic patch element suspended above the hospitalization period. A Metamaterial design antenna radiating element. The key tradeoff in the design is in resonating at 2.45 GHz is proposed work for biomedical between RF performance and solar efficiency. The application which is made of FR-4 substrate with main drawback in using in using the solar cell as an dielectric constant 4.4. Metamaterial is used to enhance RF ground plane is the reduction in solar efficiency the bandwidth and it is design at ground plane. This proposed antenna is aimed to be used in human body for that results from the shading effect of the antenna. various applications and also is easily integrated with The method to overcome this drawback is by solar panels. Proposed antenna is feded by a coaxial meshing the antenna element or through transparent probe feeding. Simulation is done by HFSS software. The conductive antennas. Transparent conductive simulated results show the performance in terms of S11 antennas show a radiation efficiency of 50%. In the Return loss, Gain in dB, Radiation pattern, axial ratio second approach solar cells act as a radiating. This (AR) and VSWR. method overcomes the problem of shading. In the third approach solar cells is formed as a stacked Keywords: Metamaterial, Biomedical application, Coaxial element that formed over the radiating element. This probe feeding, HFSS software, VSWR. method overcome the problem of shading and allows 1. Introduction modification of the antenna structure without Artificially created materials are affecting the solar performance. The application of Metamaterials. Metamaterials are homogenous antennas in biomedical applications includes data materials in which the dielectric properties are telemetry, medical diagnosis and treatment. customized. These dielectric properties are not Metamaterials are artificial Data telemetry is the available in nature. The involvements of communication between the Implanted Medical metamaterials in antenna design are the present Devices and external devices. There is a high research topic. The important property of demand of health care products. The wires used to metamaterial is that the creation of double-negative connect the implanted IMDs and health care devices (DNG) materials with ε-negative and μ-negative increase the infection in patients. With the help of responses. With the exposure to metamaterial there is wireless devices the continuous monitoring of implanted devices can be achieved. The application of medical devices diagnosis finds its application in Harvesting. The specific challenges include the the detection of breast cancer, stroke, and water overall conversion efficiency, bandwidth and form accumulation in human body. Technologies with factor. Important design issues were identified in this exact accuracy are required to detect tumors. Medical system. Vimlesh singh et al (2018) this paper treatment using microwaves is the application were presented an extensive survey of electromagnetic the heat generated by microwave radiation to materials used for antenna fabrication. These increase the local temperature to destroy the antennas found its application in civilian life and in abnormal tissues. These methods are more effective defence. This paper studied about the compared to ionizing radiation such as X-ray and electromagnetic wave characteristics such as chemical toxins such as chemotherapy. Telemedicine dielectric, flexible electronics, electrical and thermal refers to the use of transfer of health information of properties, which have vast potential in the patient from one place to another place. In the communication engineering. Sajid M.Asif et al data telemetry the physiological data such as (2019) this paper presented Radio frequency based temperature, blood pressure, glucose concentration wireless power transfer method is highly desirable to and vital signs of respiration, heart beat were power deep body medical implants such as cardiac monitored by sensors that are implanted in body of pacemakers. Antenna is one of the essential the patients. The collected information were components of such system. Antenna must be informed to the doctors through wireless allowed to achieve the desired performance. This transmission. Metamaterials are artificial materials supported RF powered leadless pacing. that possess the properties that are not available in Sajid M.Asif et al (2019) In this paper novel nature. The properties of metamaterial led to the Wide Band Numerical Model (WBNM)was proposed formation of metamaterial antennas, sensors and for implantable antennas. Particularly the system metamaterial lenses for wireless transfer of data. required wideband tissue stimulating liquid. This was Metamaterial provides a sensitive response to the fully characterized by dielectric probe. The proposed strain, dielectric media chemical and biological WBNM was validated experimentally as well as sensing applications. The design concept of analytically using a reference microstrip antenna. metamaterial antenna resonating at 2.45 GHZ is Xu et al (2019) this work presented a designed for biomedical application in FR-4 substrate Metamaterials contains a first substrate which shows and with dielectric constant of 4.4. a dielectric material of high temperature, also contains a array of conductive resonators implanted 2. Related Work in a first substrate. The conductive resonators may Kai sun et al (2017) Explained that include a noble metal of high temperature ceramic Metamaterials found its application in invisible semiconductor and noble metal alloy. J.Daniel cloak, superlens, electromagnetic wave absorption Binion et al (2017) This work illustrated Advanced and magnetic resonance imaging. There were only Short Backfire Antenna (A-SBFA), combined with few researches made on the metamaterials for anisotropic metamaterial surfaces (metasurfaces), are wireless power transfer. With the use of designed to achieve high aperture efficiency across metamaterials transfer efficiency was increased, two frequency bands. The less weight, compact transfer distance was found to be increased. Here this design, hexagonal aperture, high dual-band work provided the methods of fabrication and efficiency, high cross-polarization isolation, as well application in wireless power transfer. as low multipaction and passive intermodulation Wei Lin et al (2019) This paper used the wireless (PIM) risk make the A-SBFA used for space borne power transfer and communication system operating applications. This transformative design in 915MHZ ISM band. It was realized by Huygens demonstrated how practical metamaterials, applied to linearly polarized (HLP) antenna and HLP rectenna. conventional antenna technology, can provide vital Each one combined two pair of metamaterial which performance improvements. was Egyptian axe dipole (EAD) and a capacitively Tanweer Ali et al (2018) Here in this paper the loaded loop (CLL). use of fractal antenna with metamaterial was Sleebi K.Divakaran et al (2018) had presented discussed. The antenna designed consists of an L- that the RF power harvesting is the solution for cases shaped slot, sierpinski triangle which serves as the were solar power energy is not promising. There are fractal radiating element and also metamaterial several challenges for implementation of RF power circular split ring resonator as the ground plane. The advent of metamaterial made the antenna to operate improved isolation between radio frequency, at 3.3GHZ middle wimax. The formation of or microwave channels of (multiple-input multiple- sierpinski triangle and L-shaped slot in the radiating output) (MIMO) antenna arrays. Metamaterial, high- monopole presents the surface current distribution, impedance ground