S.C.C. FILE NO. 37770 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA (ON APPEAL FROM THE ALBERTA COURT OF APPEAL) BETWEEN: MINISTER OF PUBLIC SAFETY AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS and ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA APPELLANTS (Respondents) -and- TUSIF UR REHMAN CHHINA RESPONDENT (Applicant) -and- END IMMIGRATION DETENTION NETWORK, THE CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF REFUGEE LA WYERS, DEFENCE FOR CHILDREN INTERNATIONAL-CANADA, AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL CANADA, THE COMMUNITY & LEGAL AIDE SERVICES PROGRAMMES, THE CANADIAN COUNCIL FOR REFUGEES, THE QUEEEN'S PRISON LAW CLINIC, THE EGALE CANADA HUMAN RIGHTS TRUST, THE BRITISH COLUMBIA CIVIL LIBERTIES ASSOCIATION, THE CANADIAN CIVIL • LIBERTIES ASSOCIATION and THE CANADIAN PRISON LAW ASSOCIATION • INTERVENERS • FACTUM OF THE INTERVENER BRITISH COLUMBIA CIVIL LIBERTIES ASSOCIATION • (Pursuant to Rule 42 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Canada) • FRANCES MAHON LAW GOLDBLATT PARTNERS ~F-~---;;;;;-,;- -;;- ----! 402 West Pender Street 500-30 Metcalfe Street I' a: w·; - :.•~ ~ . (-. ~· i .') <: ri ~-: Vancouver, B.C. V6B 1T6 Ottawa, O.N. KIP 5L4 8 q ~: .: ~ I 1::.:~ OCT 3 U 2018 jt? l Frances Mahon Colleen Bauman 1~ 2 . t~ ~:: i.1 Tel: (604) 910-8479 Tel: (613) 235-5327 I~() .,. f~ -, - ~ ~~ rH Fax: (604) 608-3319 Fax: (613) 235-3041 '--- ·_ ___ :: __ ..::. _____ ___ ; Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, British Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Columbia Civil Liberties Association Intervener, British Columbia Civil Liberties Association S.C.C. FILE NO. 37770 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA (ON APPEAL FROM THE ALBERTA COURT OF APPEAL) BETWEEN: MINISTER OF PUBLIC SAFETY AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS and ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA APPELLANTS (Respondents) - and - TUSIF UR REHMAN CHHINA RESPONDENT (Applicant) - and - END IMMIGRATION DETENTION NETWORK, THE CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF REFUGEE LAWYERS, DEFENCE FOR CHILDREN INTERNATIONAL-CANADA, AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL CANADA, THE COMMUNITY & LEGAL AIDE SERVICES PROGRAMMES, THE CANADIAN COUNCIL FOR REFUGEES, THE QUEEEN'S PRISON LAW CLINIC, THE EGALE CANADA HUMAN RIGHTS TRUST, THE BRITISH COLUMBIA CIVIL LIBERTIES ASSOCIATION, THE CANADIAN CIVIL LIBERTIES ASSOCIATION and THE CANADIAN PRISON LAW ASSOCIATION INTERVENERS FACTUM OF THE INTERVENER BRITISH COLUMBIA CIVIL LIBERTIES ASSOCIATION (Pursuant to Rule 42 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Canada) FRANCES MAHON LAW GOLDBLATT PARTNERS LLP 402 West Pender Street 500-30 Metcalfe Street Vancouver, B.C. V6B 1T6 Ottawa, O.N. K1P 5L4 Frances Mahon Colleen Bauman Tel: (604) 910-8479 Tel: (613) 235-5327 Fax: (604) 608-3319 Fax: (613) 235-3041 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, British Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Columbia Civil Liberties Association Intervener, British Columbia Civil Liberties Association ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA 900 – 840 Howe Street 50 O’Connor Street Vancouver, BC V6Z 2S9 Suite 500, Room 557 Ottawa, ON K1A 0H8 Donnaree Nygard Liliane Bantourakis Christopher M. Rupar Tel: (604) 666-3049 Phone: (613) 670-6290 Fax: (604)775-5942 Fax: (613) 954-1920 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Appellants Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Appellants NOTA BENE LAW GROUP INC. COMMUNITY LEGAL SERVICES 350 – 7th Avenue SW 406 – 1355 Bank Street Suite 800 Ottawa, ON K1S 0X2 Calgary, AB T2P 3N9 Jaime Lefebvre Nico G. J. Breed Tel: (613) 733-0140 Barbara Jackman Fax: (613) 733-0401 Tel: (403) 444-6484 Email: [email protected] Fax: (403) 444-6485 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Respondent Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Respondent SWATHI SEKHAR SHANBAUM SEMANYK MAIJA MARTIN PROFESSIONAL CORPORATION 1040 Eglinton Avenue West 150 Isabella Stret Toronto, ON M6C 2C5 Suite 305 Ottawa, ON K1S 1V7 Tel: (416) 885-8534 Fax: (416) 352-5840 Tel: (613) 238-6969, Ext. 2 Email: [email protected] Fax: (613) 238-9916 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the End Immigration Detention Network Intervener, End Immigration Detention Network JARED WILL & ASSOCIATES COMMUNITY LEGAL SERVICES – 226 Bathhurst Street OTTAWA CARLETON Suite 200 1 Nicholas Street, Suite 422 Toronto, ON M5T 2R9 Ottawa, ON K1N 7B7 Jared Will Michael Bossin Joshua Blum Tel: (613) 241-7008, Ext. 224 Tel: (416) 657-1472 Fax: (613) 241-8680 Fax: (416) 657-1511 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers Intervener, Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers WILSON, CHRISTEN GOWLING WLG (CANADA) INC. 137 Church Street 2600 - 160 Elgin Street Toronto, ON M5B 1Y4 Ottawa, ON K1P 1C3 Jeffery Wilson Matthew Estabrooks Farrah Hudani Phone: (613) 786-8695 Tel: (416) 360-5952 Fax: (613) 563-9869 Fax: (416) 360-1350 Email: Email: [email protected] [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Defence for Children International- Intervener, Defence for Children Canada International-Canada COMMUNITY LEGAL SERVICES – OTTAWA CARLETON 1 Nicholas Street, Suite 422 Ottawa, ON K1N 7B7 Michael Bossin Laïla Demirdache Jamie Liew Tel: (613) 241-7008, Ext. 224 Fax: (613) 241-8680 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Amnesty International Canada (English Branch) COMMUNITY & LEGAL AID SERVICES SUPREME ADVOCACY LLP PROGRAMME 100 – 340 Gilmour Street York University, Osgoode Hall Law School Ottawa, ON K2P 0R3 Ignat Kaneff Building 4700 Keele Street Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Marie-France Major Tel: (613) 695-8855 Ext. 102 Subodh Bharati Fax: (613) 695-8580 Tel: (416) 736-5029 Email: [email protected] Fax: (416) 736-5564 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Community & Legal Aid Service Programme Intervener, Community & Legal Aid Service Programme STOCKWOODS LLP POWER LAW 77 King Street West, Suite 4130 1103 – 130 Albert Street P.O. Box 140 Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 5G4 Toronto, ON M5K 1H1 Nader R. Hasan Maxine Vincelette Tel: (416) 593-7200 Phone: (613) 702-5561 Fax: (416) 593-9345 Fax: (613) 702-5661 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Queen’s Prison Law Clinic Intervener, Queen’s Prison Law Clinic BATTISTA SMITH MIGRATION LAW POWER LAW GROUP 1103 – 130 Albert Street 160 Bloor Street East Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 5G4 Suite 1000 Toronto, ON M5W 1B9 Audrey Mayrand Michael Battista Phone: (613) 702-5560 Tel: (416) 203-2899 Fax: (613) 702-5660 Fax: (416) 203-7949 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Egale Canada Human Rights Trusts Intervener, Egale Canada Human Rights Trusts BORDEN LADNER GERVAIS LLP BORDEN LADNER GERVAIS LLP 22 Adelaide Street West World Exchange Plaza Suite 3400 100 Queen Street, Suite 1300 Toronto, ON M5H 4E3 Ottawa, ON K2P 1J9 Ewa Krajewska Nadia Effendi Pierre N. Gemson Tel: (613) 237-5160 Tel: (416) 367-6244 Fax: (613) 230-8842 Fax: (416) 367-6749 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Canadian Civil Liberties Association Intervener, Canadian Civil Liberties Association McCARTEN WALLACE 1900 – 439 University Avenue Toronto, ON M5G 1Y8 Simon Wallace Simon Borys Tel: (416) 367-6244 Fax: (416) 367-6749 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Canadian Prison Law Association EDELMANN & COMPANY LAW OFFICES 905-207 West Hastings Street Vancouver, BC V6B 1H7 Peter H. Edelmann Erica Olmstead Molly Joeck Tel: (604) 646-4684 Fax: (604) 648-8043 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Canadian Council for Refugees TABLE OF CONTENTS PART PAGE PART I: OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................1 PART II: INTERVENER'S POSITION ON THE QUESTIONS IN ISSUE ..........................1 PART III: STATEMENT OF ARGUMENT ............................................................................1 A. RESTRICTIONS ON HABEAS CORPUS LEAD TO ILLEGAL LIBERTY INFRINGEMENTS ...............................................................................1 B. SUPERIOR COURTS AND DETENTION REVIEW IN THE MODERN, ADMINISTRATIVE STATE...............................................................4 C. HABEAS CORPUS IMPROVES ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND ENHANCES THE RULE OF LAW ........................................................................8 PART IV: SUBMISSIONS ON COSTS .................................................................................10 PART V: NATURE OF THE ORDER SOUGHT .................................................................10 1 PART I: OVERVIEW 1. Wrongful incarceration is illegal executive action at its most heinous. Historic restrictions on the availability of habeas corpus have left prisoners without a remedy, resulting in unjustified infringements of the liberty right and undermining the rule of law. Superior courts engaging in a purposive analysis of the May1 factors can assume jurisdiction, provide an additional option to the detainee, question the legality of a person’s detention, grant effective remedies, and ensure that the liberty right is enforced. Superior court jurisdiction over habeas corpus applications thus promotes access to justice, an essential component of the rule of law. 2. BCCLA adopts the facts as presented by the Respondent. PART II: INTERVENER'S POSITION ON THE QUESTIONS