JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION A Publication of the Society for Scientifi c Exploration (ISSN 0892-3310) published quarterly, and continuously since 1987 Editorial Offi ce: Journal of Scientifi c Exploration, Society for Scientifi c Exploration, Kathleen E. Erickson, JSE Managing Editor, 12 Candlewood Dr., Petaluma, CA 94954 Journal@Scientifi cExploration.org Manuscript Submission: Submit manuscripts online at http://journalofscientifi cexploration.org/index.php/jse/login Editor-in-Chief: Stephen E. Braude, University of Maryland Baltimore County Managing Editor: Kathleen E. Erickson, Petaluma, CA Assistant Managing Editor: Elissa Hoeger, Princeton, NJ Associate Editors Carlos S. Alvarado, Parapsychology Foundation, New York, NY Imants Barušs, University of Western Ontario, Canada Daryl Bem, Ph.D., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Robert Bobrow, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY Jeremy Drake, Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA Roger D. 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JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION A Publication of the Society for Scientifi c Exploration Volume 33, Number 4 2019 EDITORIAL 541 Science Doesn’t Dictate What’s “Impossible” STEPHEN E. BRAUDE RESEARCH ARTICLES 549 Tricking the Trickster: Evidence for Predicted Sequential Structure in a 19-Year Online Psi Experiment DEAN RADIN 569 What Do We Know about Psi? The First Decade of Remote Viewing Research and Operations at Stanford Research Institute RUSSELL TARG COMMENTARIES 593 ”The Data Are Irrelevant”: Response to Reber and Alcock (2019) ETZEL CARDEÑA 599 Reassessing the “Impossible”: A Critical Commentary on Reber and Alcock’s “Why Parapsychological Claims Cannot Be True” BRYAN J. WILLIAMS 617 I Do Not Think That Word Means What You Think It Means. A Response to Reber and Alcock’s “Searching for the Impossible: Parapsychology’s Elusive Quest” ANDREW WESTCOMBE 623 Should We Accept Arguments from Skeptics to Ignore the Psi Data? A Comment on Reber & Alcock’s “Searching for the Impossible” GEORGE R. WILLIAMS 643 Blind Watchers of Psi: A Rebuttal of Reber and Alcock BERNARD CARR HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 661 Out of Thin Air? Apport Studies Performed between 1928 and 1938 by Elemér Chengery Pap MICHAEL NAHM BOOK REVIEWS 706 The Great Silence: Science and Philosophy of Fermi’s Paradox by Milan M. Ćirković DAMIEN BRODERICK 540 Table of Contents JSE 33:4 711 Medjugorje and the Supernatural: Science, Mysticism, and Extraordinary Religious Experience by Daniel Maria Klimek SERENA RONEY-DOUGAL 713 The Enfield Poltergeist Tapes: One of the Most Disturbing Cases in History. What Really Happened? by Melvyn J. Willin MICHAEL NAHM 716 The UFO People: A Curious Culture by MJ Banias THOMAS E. BULLARD 726 Spiritual Science: Why Science Needs Spirituality to Make Sense of the World by Steve Taylor MICHAEL GROSSO 732 Diabolical Possession and the Case Behind The Exorcist: An Overview of Scientific Research with Interviews with Witnesses and Experts by Sergio A. Rueda JOHN G. KRUTH SSE NEWS 739 SSE Annual Meeting 2020 Announcement 740 Aspiring Explorers Group 741 Fanny Moser Award from the Institut für Grenzgebiete der Psychologie & Psychohygiene 742 Psychic News digital archive 743 Bial Foundation 744 SSE Masthead 745 Index of Previous Articles in JSE 766 Gift Orders, Gift Memberships, Back Issues 767 Society Membership 768 Instructions for JSE Authors Journal of Scientifi c Exploration, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 541–548, 2019 0892-3310/19 EDITORIAL Science Doesn’t Dictate What’s “Impossible” DOI: https://doi.org/10.31275/2019/1693 Copyright: Creative Commons CC-BY-NC n this issue we present Commentaries on a remarkably simplistic critique Iof psi research published recently by Arthur Reber and James Alcock— hereafter R&A (Reber & Alcock, 2019a, 2019b). I believe the Commentary rebuttals that follow in this issue, from Cardeña and others, effectively demolish R&A’s critique. But I also believe a few additional points are worth making. These highlight not only R&A’s ignorance of—indeed, refusal to consider—relevant data, but also their general conceptual naivete. And I’ll focus primarily on R&A’s assertion that alleged psi phenomena are impossible. Note, R&A aren’t merely making the likewise inadequate but at least superficially more sophisticated claim that psi phenomena are initially improbable relative to some well-supported background theory. But even if we were to concede that the phenomena (including small-scale ESP and PK) are initially improbable relative to an accepted background theory, we’re still not compelled to deny their reality. We need only show that the direct evidence in their favor overrides their initial and conditional improbability. That, I believe, is easy to do, but of course R&A are fortified by their refusal to consider the data. Moreover (as some of the Commentaries note), R&A greatly overestimate the level of support for what they take to be the background physical theory. In any case, the more relevant points for now are these. First, there are serious reasons for thinking that no well-supported broad scientific theory (e.g., quantum physics, or the general or special theories of relativity) precludes the existence of any specific mental phenomenon, normal or paranormal. Arguably (I think persuasively), those phenomena are simply outside the domain of physics. I’ll return to this point shortly. For that matter, the existence of ESP is compatible even with theories of perception 542 Editorial in psychology. Of course, those theories