Copyright c 2013 CSLI Publications Center for the Study of Language and Information Leland Stanford Junior University Printed in the United States 17 16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 5 From Quirky Case to Representing Space: Papers in Honor of Annie Zaenen ISBN 978-1-57586-662-8 (paperback : alk. paper) { ISBN 978-1-57586-663-5 (electronic) Frontispiece photograph by Lauri Karttunen 1 The acid-free paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences|Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. CSLI was founded in 1983 by researchers from Stanford University, SRI International, and Xerox PARC to further the research and development of integrated theories of language, information, and computation. CSLI headquarters and CSLI Publications are located on the campus of Stanford University. CSLI Publications reports new developments in the study of language, information, and computation. Please visit our web site at http://cslipublications.stanford.edu/ for comments on this and other titles, as well as for changes and corrections by the author and publisher. Contents Contributors vii Acknowledgements ix 1 Introduction 1 Daniel G. Bobrow, Ronald M. Kaplan, Tracy Holloway King, and Valeria de Paiva I Mapping from Arguments to Syntax 7 2 Proto-Properties in Argument Realization 9 Farrell Ackerman and John Moore 3 Do You Always Fear What Frightens You? 21 Beth Levin and Jason Grafmiller 4 Mismatched Spanish Unaccusativity Tests 33 Raúl Aranovich 5 Lexical Mapping Theory Revisited 47 One-Soon Her 6 Argument Structure of Quirky Algonquian Verbs 61 Amy Dahlstrom v vi / From Quirky Case to Representing Space II Views on Syntax 73 7 A Tour of Grammar Formalisms 75 Anette Frank 8 They Whispered me the Answer 95 Marilyn Ford and Joan Bresnan 9 Nothing Personal? 109 Joan Maling and Sigríður Sigurjónsdóttir 10 Down with Obliques? 127 György Rákosi 11 Nested and Crossed Dependencies and the Existence of Traces 139 Mary Dalrymple and Tracy Holloway King III Semantics and Beyond 153 12 Representing Paths of Motion in VerbNet 155 Jena D. Hwang, Martha Palmer, and Annie Zaenen 13 You Will Be Lucky To Break Even 167 Lauri Karttunen 14 On Presenting Something in English and Hungarian 181 Tibor Laczkó 15 A Semantic Account of Contextual Valence Shifting 195 Livia Polanyi and Martin Henk van den Berg 16 Two Maps of Manhattan 209 Hinrich Schütze IV Annie Zaenen: Curriculum Vitae and Bibliography 221 17 Curriculum Vitae and Bibliography 223 Annie Zaenen Contributors Farrell Ackerman: University of California, San Diego fackerman "at" ucsd "dot" edu Raúl Aranovich: University of California, Davis raranovich "at" ucdavis "dot" edu Martin Henk van den Berg: Microsoft Corp. mhvdberg "at" gmail "dot" com Daniel Bobrow: PARC Inc. bobrow "at" parc "dot" com Joan Bresnan: Stanford University and Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI) bresnan "at" stanford "dot" edu Amy Dahlstrom: University of Chicago a-dahlstrom "at" uchicago "dot" edu Mary Dalrymple: University of Oxford mary "dot" dalrymple "at" ling-phil "dot" ox "dot" ac "dot" uk Marilyn Ford: Griffith University m "dot" ford "at" griffith "dot" edu "dot" au Anette Frank: Universität Heidelberg frank "at" cl "dot" uni-heidelberg "dot" de Jason Grafmiller: Stanford University jasong1 "at" stanford "dot" edu vii viii / From Quirky Case to Representing Space One-Soon Her: National Chengchi University onesoon "at" gmail "dot" com Jena D. Hwang: dhwang90 "at" gmail "dot" com Ronald M Kaplan: Nuance Inc. Ronald "dot" Kaplan "at" nuance "dot" com Lauri Karttunen: Stanford University laurik "at" stanford "dot" edu Tracy Holloway King: eBay Inc. tracyhollowayking "at" gmail "dot" com Tibor Laczkó: University of Debrecen laczko "dot" tibor "at" arts "dot" unideb "dot" hu Beth Levin: Stanford University beth "dot" levin "at" stanford "dot" edu Joan Maling: Brandeis University maling "at" brandeis "dot" edu John Moore: University of California, San Diego moorej "at" ucsd "dot" edu Valeria de Paiva: valeria "dot" depaiva "at" gmail "dot" com Martha Palmer: University of Colorado, Boulder Martha "dot" Palmer "at" colorado "dot" edu Livia Polanyi: livia "dot" polanyi "at" gmail "dot" com György Rákosi: University of Debrecen rakosi "dot" gyorgy "at" arts "dot" unideb "dot" hu Hinrich Schütze: University of Munich zaenenfestschrift "at" cislmu "dot" org Sigríður Sigurjónsdóttir: University of Iceland siggasig "at" hi "dot" is Annie Zaenen: Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI) azaenen "at" gmail "dot" com Acknowledgements The vast range of topics dealt with in this volume do credit to the per- son who inspired them, namely Annie Zaenen. We would like to thank the authors and reviewers, without whom there would be no Festschrift, for all their work on the project. Authors are named in the Contributors section. Our dedicated reviewers include Alex Alsina, George Aaron Broadwell, Joan Bresnan, Cleo Condoravdi, Richard Crouch, Elisabet Engdahl, Martin Forst, Olga Gurevich, Ronald M. Kaplan, Lauri Kart- tunen, Carmen Kelling, Tracy Holloway King, Anubha Kothari, Beth Levin, Victoria Rosén, Peter Sells and Ida Toivonen. Lauri Karttunen compiled the detailed bibliography and curriculum vitae in Part IV. We would like to thank Danny Bobrow and Ronald M. Kaplan for co-organizing the workshop which led to this Festschrift and for co- authoring the introduction. We are grateful to PARC Inc. which hosted and sponsored the workshop on From Quirky Case to Representing Space, An AnnieFest. Finally, as always, our heart-felt thanks go to Dikran Karagueuzian for always being there and for giving us CSLI Publications. ix 1 Introduction Daniel G. Bobrow, Ronald M. Kaplan, Tracy Holloway King, and Valeria de Paiva In 2011, Annie Zaenen retired from the Palo Alto Research Center where she had been a foundational member and leader of the Nat- ural Language Theory and Technology group. To celebrate her long and distinguished career, a workshop in her honor was held at PARC. Six researchers, representing different areas of linguistics that she has profoundly influenced, presented at the event. The workshop, held on October 5th, 2011 and hosted by PARC, featured speakers who collaborated closely with Annie at different times and on different topics, representing the broad sweep of her theoretical and practical contributions. The talks and discussion reflected on their collaborations with and influence by Annie and offer new perspectives on linguistic issues of current interest. The program included: . Joan Bresnan, Stanford University and CSLI The evolution of syn- tax in the time of Annie . Anette Frank, Heidelberg University Diving into semantics – and getting hidden meanings out . Joan Maling, Brandeis University and U.S. National Science Foun- dation Chapter 1. Iceland: Is Icelandic a natural language? . Geoffrey Nunberg, University of California at Berkeley L’avis des mots . Livia Polanyi, Microsoft Corporation Sentiment analysis and the linguistic structure of discourse . Hans Uszkoreit, DFKI and Saarland University NLP is OOG? From Quirky Case to Representing Space: Papers in Honor of Annie Zaenen. Tracy Holloway King and Valeria de Paiva. Copyright c 2013, CSLI Publications. 1 2 / D. G. Bobrow, R. M. Kaplan, T. H. King, and V. de Paiva We are grateful to the speakers not only for their perspectives on Annie’s contributions to the field but also for the lively discussion that they engendered, reflecting the true spirit of academic research and exchange. Fortunately for us, Annie’s retirement from PARC has not meant a retirement from linguistics: She is now a senior researcher for Stanford University’s Center for the Study of Language and Information and a consulting professor at Stanford University’s Department of Linguistics. Contributions to the Volume The contributions in this volume represent the broad influence of An- nie’s research from details of lexical representation to the architecture of formal linguistic theories. The volume is divided into three major themes: Mapping from arguments to syntax; Views on syntax; Seman- tics and beyond. The papers speak for themselves and so in this intro- duction we provide only a brief overview. The papers all reflect Annie’s academic rigor and honesty, which have inspired all of us: Linguistic re- search must involve an unerring devotion to the details of the languages themselves and to the theories which account for the phenomena that those details reveal. Mapping from Arguments to Syntax Lexical Mapping Theory, which governs the mapping from thematic roles to grammatical functions, is a cornerstone of Lexical Functional Grammar and has been a topic of active research for over twenty years. Annie’s work has played a key role in both the evolution of Lexical Mapping Theory and in establishing the complexity of the data which must be accounted for. Ackerman and Moore’s paper Proto-Properties in a Comprehen- sive Theory of Argument Realization addresses the fundamental the- ory of mapping from arguments to syntax. They propose a new ap- proach, termed Correspondence Theory, which uses aspects of Dowty’s proto-property theory with LFG’s Lexical Mapping Theory. They then demonstrate how it applies to morphosyntactic and morphosemantic operations, namely passives and applicatives, two phenomena that have been key in the development of mapping theories. Levin and Grafmiller’s paper Do You Always Fear What Frightens You? revisits the vexing issues of pairs of verbs which seem to be syn- onyms, but which have different argument realization, such as fear and frighten. They present results of a corpus study which supports the analysis whereby the stimulus argument of the verb frighten is a causer of the emotion, while that of the verb fear is an entity at which the Introduction / 3 emotion is directed. Aranovich’s paper Mistmatched Spanish Unaccusativity Tests harkens back to Annie’s seminal paper on Dutch unaccusativity: The represen- tation, and even existence, of unaccusative verbs has been at issue in LFG and other linguistic theories.