WHAT MAY WE LEARN FROM BRØGGER'S ESSEXITIC HURUM VOLCANO CONCER­ NING THE MAGMATIC DIFFERENTIATION BY j. H.L. VOGT 4 TEXTFIGS From W. C. Brøgger's just published "Der grol3e Hurumvulkan" 1 I abstract a summary of the chemical analyses 2 and the mine­ ralogical composition 3 of the plutonic rocks with accompanying flows and melanocratic and leucocratic dykes (table l-Ill). Table I. Plutonic rocks. l l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO Si02 ............ 16.5 46.0 46.8 48.4 47.9 50. 1 48.5 49.6 50.0 52.0 Ti02 •••••••••••• 11.9 2.2 2.8 3. 1 1.9 1.9 2.0 3.0 2.9 2.3 Al203 •••••.•.•.• 3.4 5.8 11.6 15.5 16.6 18.5 12.9 13.0 13.5 15.0 Fe20a ........... 28.8 5.5 4.3 4.3 5.7 3.3 7 .4 3.5 3.0 3.4 Fe O o.o ••o o ••••• 22 .1 8.3 9.7 7.9 7.5 5.6 8.2 9.8 9.5 7.7 MgO ............ 12.9 12.7 8.4 4.6 4.4 3. 1 5.8 5.1 5.2 4.2 CaO ............ 1.0 16.4 10.9 9.6 9.4 8.7 9.2 9.3 8.8 7.0 a 0 . ... .... .8 2.6 3.3 3.2 4.0 3.6 3.3 3. 1 4.2 N 2 \ 0.09 1 K20 •••o. o •••••• J 0.5 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.8 1.7 2.3 2.4 2.7 Pyroxene ........ 2.1 83.21 35.5 21.6 24.6 23.3 33.4 35.9 35.2 21.54 Bronzite ......... - - 6.7 - - - 2.3 - - Olivine .......... 29.62 3.6 12.02 6.5 - 6.82 1.92 - - Biotite .......... 3. 1 5.6 8.6 8.3 8.53 3. 1 6.5 10.03 14.6 l Die Eruptivgesteine des Oslogebietes. V. The Norwegian Acad. of Sei., mat.­ naturv. class, 1930, no. 6 (printed 193 1). The manuscript was in the main worked out as far back as in 1915. 2 Only given with one decimal and H20, MnO BaO etc.neglected. 3 From the details given by Brøgger I calculate the feldspar ratio Ab : An : Or. 542 J. H. L. VOGT Table l, continued l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Quartz .......... 1.7 limen., magnet. .. 63.3 2. 9- 6.7- 8.3- 7.5- 6.-2 8. 9- 8 -5 8.0- 6.8 Fes •............ 0.09 0.24 0.. 09 O.l l O.l O Apatite .. ........ 0.0- tr.- 0.76 1. 77 0. 78 0.70-- 1.13 1. 27 1.14 1.24 o Ab .. .. ... .... Ab14 b 48 Sl 50 48 54 58 l 57 64 1;; f An .......... ) 40 38 34 32 29 21 20 21 \ fAnss rAb2 O:: Or ........... An, 12 li 16 20 17 21 23 15 eldspar ...... 5. 7 6.5 38.6 52.3 52.3 60.3 46.9 42.8 43.6 53.5 E ;::1 Mg,f Fe- J o o {/) \ stltcate .... l 31.8 90 l 53 37 39 32 43 47 45 36 l Inc!. l pc. hornblende. 2 Olivine and serpentine. 3 Inc!. some chlorite. 4 Diopside inclusive 2. 96 pc. hornblende. Table I. Plutonic rocks. The analyses are arranged with combined regard to the increase of the sum of the alkalies and to the (calculated) decrease of An in the feldspar ratio. No. 1-3, 6, 7-9 from Randvikholmen, no. 4, 5, 10 from Tofteholmen, two small islands in the Oslofjord, situated ab. l.S km from each other. No. l. Ultrabasic schliere of cumberlandite (ilmenite-magnetite olivinite) in pyroxenite. - No. 2. Schlieric facies of olivine yamaskite. - No. 3. Normal essexite gabbro (main rock). - No. 4. Boundary facies, essexite gabbro (main rock). - No. 6. Leucocrate facies of essexite. - No. 7. Half porphyric facies of essexite gabbro. - No. 8 and 9. Essexite gabbro, fine grained. - No. 10. Fine grained facies of essexite. Table Il. Dikes. Melanocratic Leucocratic � li l 12 l 13 14 15 16 l 17 l 18 19 Si02 •.•••••....•.•..••.• 42. 7 44.6 44. 5 48 2 57. 0 57.6 59.9 64.7 66.9 Ti02 . 5.4 2.6 3.3 3.. 4 1.2 1.2 1.6 0. 8 0.6 Al203 ...•••.•. 7.8 12. 3 9 1 7.5 13. 4 !6.3 15.9 15. 5 15. 9 Fe203 ..•....•••• .. 5.5 1.6 5.2. 5.8 0. 6 0.6 0.2 3.4 2.1 FeO .. ..... o • ... 10.8 11.8 8.7 8.0 3.8 4. 3 5.9 0.9 1.0 MgO. ... 11 .6 9.2 7. 6 !O.l 3.0 2.4 2.2 1.0 0.6 Ca O . • o 12.6 10.0 9. 7 12.8 8.7 3. 8 4. 5 l.S 2.9 Na.o . 1 6 2.5 3. 6 2.1 3.2 5.1 2.9 5 2 6.0 K.o . .. 0..4 1.2 I.l 1.4 3 8 3 . 2 6.0 4.6. 4.3 . l l l . l l l MAGMATIC DIFFERENTIATION 543 Melanocratic Leucocratic Table Il, continued Il 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Pyroxene ........ ....... 61.3 - 48.2 26. 4 12.22 6.81 0.91 - Hornblende ...... 10.9 - - l. O - - 2. 6 Olivine (& serp. ) .. ....... 4.5 - - 12.2 4.5 - - - - - - - - 4.53 . Biotite (& chlor. ) ... .. 2.8 1 2 3 2.6 1.7 - limen., magnet. .. 9. 7 12.6 0.85 2. 2 3.1 4.7 2.2 - FeS2 .... ........ ... .... 0. 19 - - - 3.2 3 . 5 l. O - Apatite .. ..... ' .. 0.5 2 - 0.83 0.69 0.86 0.19 0.61 0.46 Quartz .. ..... .... .... .. - - - 7.6 4.0 10.9 15.2 13.3 - - ••••••••••• o •••••• - - 45 35 58 57 .2 Ab 62 � f An .. .. .. ... .. - - 15 10 21 6 Il - - eG tOr ••••••o ••• ' ••••••• - - 40 28 44 36 32 E f Feldsvar .. ..... ... .... 8.8 - ab. 30 27.2 56.5 69.7 66 l 73.8 78.7 J3\Mg, Fe-silicate .... .... 7 9. 4 - - 60.4 31.9 16. 7 19.0 3.5 4.3 1 Diopside. 2 Inc!. hornblende. 3 Chlorite and serpentine. Table IL Melanocratic dikes. No. 11-13 from Tofteholmen, no. 14 from Holm in Saude. No. Il. Madeirite. No. 12. Camptonite. No. 13. Pyroxene camptonite. No. 14. Essexite melaphyre, intrusive. Leucocrate dikes. No. 15, 16, 19 from Tofteholmen, no. 17 from Vealøs, no. 18 from Randvik­ holmen. - No. 15. Akerite (boundary facies with apophyse). - No. 16. Menaite. - No. 17. Hurumite. - No. 18. Windsorite (apophyse). - No. 19. Windsorite. - As to a quartz dike, "pyrite salite", from Tofteholmen, carrying 86 pc. quartz, 7.0 pc. pyrite, 0.14 pc. apatite, 4.0 pc. muscovite and carbonate, but no feldspar at all, l refer to Brøgger's work. Table Ill. From Holmestrand with environs; no. 21 lower, no. 22 middle ·and no. 23 upper bench in the lava series. No. 20-23 are essexite melaphyres (no. 20 contact metamorphosed). - No. 24 - 25 are essexite porphyries. 544 J. H.L. VOGT Table Ill. Flows. Essex i te Essexite melaphyre porphyrite ,--.. Melano- c rate 20 21 22 23 24 25 Si02 ...... ... ...... 42.0 45.8 48.2 44.8 48.8 52.5 Ti02 .......... · · 3.0 3.0 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.4 Al203 •••••••••••••• 9.5 13.4 11.0 12. 2 16 .6 12.1 Fe203 .••••••.•••••. 8.0 8.2 9.6 7.3 10. 1 6. 1 Fe O •••••••o ••••• o. 7.3 6.4 3.9 7 . 1 2.7 7.2 MgO ...........•... 1 0 .7 7.3 7.3 8.1 4.6 4.3 CaO ............. .. 15.6 12. 1 12.4 11. 2 4.4 7.6 Na20 • o •• o. o •• o •••• 0.8 1.3 1.2 2. 2 3.9 2.8 K.o •••••• o •• o ••••• 1.91 0.9 0.9 1.35 2.2 2.3 Pyroxene ........... 57.5 - - 33.6 - 26.5 Olivine (& serp.) . - - - 8.2 - 3.1 Biotite (& chl.) .. .... 24.3 - - - - limen., magn ........ 5.8 -- 12 . 4 - 11. 7 FeS•. .............. - - - 0.7 - O.l 5 Apatite .... .. .... ... 0.16 - 0.62 0.86 1.00 0.8 9 Quartz ...... ....... - - - - 8.9 - - 38 - 49 ofAbAn.............. ............. - - - 44 - 22 �·�l Or ..... ......... - - - 18 - 29 E { Feldspar ......... 9.8 Rei. little 43.3 - 46.3 � Mg, Fe-silicate ... 81,9 Very much 41.8 l - 129.6 l 1.87 pc. K20 according to O. Røer. The rock is contact metamorphosed, and somewhat of the contents of K20 is probably added by this process. (Brøgger). Further - in particular as to the plutonics and the leucocrate <iikes - I illustrated graphically (fig. l) the ratio Ab : An : Or and the quantity of the Mg, Fe-silicates, this last quantity given by circles of varying size l. l In this graph I neglect the plutonics no. l (without feldspar) , and no. 2 with so small a quantity of feldspar that the determination of the ratio Ab: An: Or is too unsure. - Of the flows I include the essexite porphyry table Ill, no. 25. MAGMATIC DIFFERENTIATION 545 At the essexites (the essexite gabbros included) from the numerous small plugs 1 in the Hurum district we meet with a series of varia­ tions. Thus these plutonics (illustrated by table l, no. 3-1O) paralle! with a decrease of An 2 in the feldspar mixture on the whole, yet in the details with some exceptions, show an increase of Or in reia tion to Ab +An, and a decrease of MgO in the ratio MgO: FeO, in the total rock as well as in the Mg, Fe-silicates 3.