Toorale National Park & State Conservation Area Conservation Management Plan Report prepared for Office of Environment & Heritage NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service Far West Region June 2013 Draft Report Jill Sheppard Heritage Consultants Cover photograph: Shearer riding his bicycle - reproduced courtesy of Flickr-Photo Sharing Toorale National Park & State Conservation Area Conservation Management Plan Report prepared for Office of Environment & Heritage NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service Far West Region Draft Report June 2013 Jill Sheppard Heritage Consultants CONTENTS Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. i 1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. i 2.0 Background .................................................................................................................................. i 3.0 Summary Statement of Significance ........................................................................................... ii 4.0 Vision Statement for the Toorale NP & SCA .............................................................................. iv 5.0 General Conservation Policy ...................................................................................................... iv 6.0 Implementation Recommendation Actions ................................................................................. vi 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Report Objectives and Outcomes ............................................................................................... 2 1.3 Location and Site Plan ................................................................................................................ 3 1.4 Scope of the Conservation Management Plan ............................................................................ 6 1.4.1 Limitations ............................................................................................................................................ 6 1.5 Authorship ................................................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... 7 1.7 Terminology ................................................................................................................................ 8 2.0 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ........…………………………………….………………………….......9 2.1 Overview of Occupation Phases and Significant Developments…………………………………..9 3.0 CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................... 21 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 The Toorale Homestead Context .............................................................................................. 21 3.2.1 Czar Lodge, (1879) Hay NSW ............................................................................................................ 22 3.2.2 Bishops Lodge (1888 -1889) Hay, NSW ............................................................................................ 22 3.2.3 Coonong Homestead 1876 ................................................................................................................ 25 3.2.4 Dunlop Homestead (1886) ................................................................................................................. 26 3.2.5 Toorale Homestead (1896) ................................................................................................................. 30 3.2.6 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................... 34 3.3 The Toorale Woolshed in the Australian Context ...................................................................... 35 3.3.1 Introduction - ..................................................................................................................................... 35 3.3.2 The Early 1800 to 1850 Wool Sheds .................................................................................................. 35 3.3.3 Woolsheds 1860-1870 ....................................................................................................................... 36 3.3.4 Giant Sheds 1860 -1890 .................................................................................................................... 38 3.3.5 Gigantic Woolsheds 1890 -1920 ....................................................................................................... 38 3.4 Prosperity Sheds ....................................................................................................................... 40 3.4.1 The Gostwyck Woolshed ................................................................................................................... 40 3.4.2 The Titanga Woolshed ....................................................................................................................... 41 3.4.3 Errowanbang Woolshed ..................................................................................................................... 42 3.4.4 Tubbo Woolshed c.1872 .................................................................................................................... 45 3.5 The Earliest Toorale & Dunlop Sheds ....................................................................................... 46 3.5.1 The First c. 1860 Toorale Shed .......................................................................................................... 46 3.5.2 The first c1865 Dunlop Shed ............................................................................................................. 46 3.5.3 The Second 1868 Dunlop Shed ......................................................................................................... 48 3.5.4 The Woolsheds during Samuel Wilson’s Ownership of Toorale 1871 - 1880 ................................... 48 3.5.5 The Current (second) c.1874 Toorale Shed ....................................................................................... 49 3.6 Toorale’s Place in Machine Shearing History ........................................................................... 54 3.7 The Third 1891 Dunlop Shed and the Second Toorale Shed ................................................... 55 3.8 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 58 4.0 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE ................................................................................................................ 59 4.1 Background ............................................................................................................................... 59 4.2 Physical Evidence Overview ..................................................................................................... 61 4.2.1 Buildings ............................................................................................................................................ 61 4.2.3 Dams and Water Infra-structure ........................................................................................................ 61 4.2.4 Moveable Heritage Overview ............................................................................................................. 61 4.3 Aboriginal Archaeology Overview ............................................................................................. 62 4.3.1 People ................................................................................................................................................ 62 4.3.2 Place .................................................................................................................................................. 62 4.3.3 History ................................................................................................................................................ 62 4.4 Archaeological Sites .................................................................................................................. 63 4.4.1 Stone Artefacts .................................................................................................................................. 63 4.4.2 Quarries .............................................................................................................................................. 65 4.4.3 Modified Trees ................................................................................................................................... 65 4.4.4 Burials ................................................................................................................................................ 65 4.4.5 Ovens & Mounds ............................................................................................................................... 65 4.4.6 Middens ............................................................................................................................................