Draft – Do not cite DRAFT Guidelines on the use of electronic data collection technologies in population and housing censuses United Nations Statistics Division Draft – Do not cite Table of contents Chapter A - Introduction to the Guidelines ....................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 2. Purpose and scope ................................................................................................................. 2 3. Target audience ..................................................................................................................... 3 4. Structure................................................................................................................................ 3 Chapter B - Overview of drivers of technological innovation and data collection methods .............. 5 1. Key drivers of technological innovation in census data collection ........................................... 5 2. Overview of data collection methods ..................................................................................... 6 2.1 Interviewer-administered data collection ......................................................................... 7 2.2 Self-administered data collection ...................................................................................... 9 2.3 Multi-mode data collection approaches ........................................................................... 9 Chapter C - Decision-making in the adoption of electronic data collection ..................................... 11 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 11 2. The decision-making process ............................................................................................... 11 2.1 Developing strategic objectives....................................................................................... 11 2.2 Identifying key factors affecting decision ........................................................................ 12 2.3 Information required for decision making ...................................................................... 15 2.4 Decision making .............................................................................................................. 20 2.5 Documenting decisions and evaluation........................................................................... 23 3. Management structure for decision making ......................................................................... 23 Chapter D - Data Collection with Handheld Electronic Devices ....................................................... 25 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................ 25 1.1. Advantages of using handheld electronic devices for data collection .................................... 26 1.2. Challenges of using handheld electronic devices for data collection ..................................... 27 2. Planning considerations for implementing data collection with handheld electronic devices ...... 28 2.1. Critical factors in planning ..................................................................................................... 28 2.2. Major items for scheduling a CAPI-based data collection ....................................................... 30 3. Considerations for selecting handheld devices ............................................................................. 33 3.1. Overview of handheld electronic devices for data collection ................................................ 33 3.2. Features of handheld electronic devices............................................................................... 34 3.3. Evaluating requirements for selection of handheld electronic devices .................................. 37 3.4. Device acquisition ................................................................................................................ 40 4. Data collection application .......................................................................................................... 42 4.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 42 4.2. Essential functional features of CAPI .................................................................................... 43 4.3. Considerations for acquisition/development of a CAPI system ............................................. 47 4.4. Evaluation requirements for CAPI data collection application ............................................... 51 (a) Evaluation areas................................................................................................................ 52 (b) Steps for the evaluation of CAPI software packages........................................................ 54 4.5. Questionnaire design and performance considerations ........................................................ 54 (a) Developing the electronic questionnaire ........................................................................... 54 (b) Data validation .................................................................................................................. 57 Draft – Do not cite (c) Questionnaire layout and design ....................................................................................... 58 (d) Questionnaire specifications ............................................................................................. 60 (e) Questionnaire testing ........................................................................................................ 60 (f) Planning for questionnaire testing ..................................................................................... 61 5. Data transfer ............................................................................................................................... 62 5.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 62 5.2. Means of data transmission ................................................................................................. 63 5.3. Technical considerations for data transfer via cellular networks ........................................... 65 5.4. Risk mitigation in data transmission ..................................................................................... 69 6. Security of data collected with handheld electronic devices ......................................................... 69 6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 69 6.2 Overview of security threats and vulnerabilities ..................................................................... 70 6.3 Measures to overcome security threats and vulnerabilities .................................................... 73 6.4 Technologies for mobile device management ........................................................................ 76 6.5 Development of security policies ........................................................................................... 76 7. Use of geospatial technology during enumeration ....................................................................... 78 7.1. Workforce management ....................................................................................................... 79 7.2. Use of enumerator map application during data collection ................................................... 80 7.3. Monitoring and operation management ............................................................................... 81 7.4. Updating and correction of EA maps during enumeration ..................................................... 83 8. Field operation management and monitoring .............................................................................. 84 8.1. Organization of field enumeration ........................................................................................ 84 8.2. Field staff recruitment and training ....................................................................................... 88 8.3. Provision of technical support to enumerators and supervisors during field operations ........ 91 8.4. Management and monitoring systems .................................................................................. 92 8.5. Logistics for storage, distribution and return of handheld electronic devices and accessories 98 8.6 Device use policy ................................................................................................................... 98 9. Testing the data collection application and systems ................................................................... 101 9.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 101 9.2. Installation of applications on devices ................................................................................ 103 9.3. Pre-field tests..................................................................................................................... 104 9.4. Field tests .........................................................................................................................