Russian/Soviet Nuclear Warhead Production, NWD 93-1 Page 139 Table 4 Estimated Plutonium Production, High-Level Radioactive Waste Generation, and Atmospheric Radioactive Releases by the Chemical Separation Plants at Chelyabinsk-65, Tomsk-7, and Krasnoyarsk-26 In Russia (1 992). RT-1 Half-life Chelyab'k-65 Tomsk-7 Kras' k-26 lsoto~e jvears) (Curies/v) (Curieslv) !Curies/v) Atmospheric Releases: H-3 12.26 660 21 0 C-14 5730 40 23 Kr-85 10.72 81 0,000 450,000 -131 0.022 - 3 Xe-131 m 0.033 - 250 Xe-133 0.01 4 - 730 Remaining in High-Level Waste: 9-90 29.3 Y-90m Zr-95 0.1 8 Nb-95m Tc-99 21 3,000 Ru-1 06 1.02 Rh-106m -129 1.6~E07 Ce-144 0.78 Pr-144m CS-137 30.1 7 Ba-137m N p-237 Am-241 432.2 Am-242m 141 Am-243 7,370 Amtotal) Crn-242 162.9 Cm-243 28.5 C~YI-244 18.1 1 Crn-245 8,500 Cm-246 4,780 Cm (total) Page 140 Russian/Soviet Nuclear Warhead Production, NWD 93-1 Recovered from processed fuel elements: Am !!a& Np-237 0.035 - - U(Total) 114.* 2,310.' 1,155: Pu (Total) 1.04" 0.997^ 0.498^ Table 4 Notes. The data in Table 4 was calculated using a one group burnup code and the fission product spectra for U-235 and Pu-239 fission by thermal neutrons. The fission product spectra were taken from KA. Varteressian and Leslie Burris, "Fission-Product Spectra From Fast and Thermal Fission of ^U and ^PU," Argonne National Laboratory, ANL-7678, March 1970. The following additional assumptions were made: Chel ya binsk-65: Fuel type: WER; Initial fuel enrichment: 3.6% U-235, 0.0337% U-234, and 96.3663% U- 238; Fuel burnup: 30,000 Mwd/MT; Fuel irradiation period: 3 years; Spent fuel cooling period prior to reprocessing: 3 years; Spent fuel processed: 120 MTHM; Recovery: 99% of the uranium and plutonium,' and 85% of the neptunium; and periodic recovery of other elements. No capture of Krypton-85, Carbon-14, or tritium (it is all release up the stack at the chemical separation plant); Ibid; Based on "Report by the Commission for Investigation of Environmental Situation in Chelyabinsk Region." (Decree by the President of the USSR, #RP 1283, January 3. 1991). Bukharin reports that in a June 27, 1991, Evgeniy Mikerin, then head of the Department of Isotope Separation, Reprocessing and Production Technology, MAPI, told him that 99.9 percent of the plutonium is recovered and americium and curium are also extracted for further utilization. Russian/Soviet Nuclear Warhead Production, NWD 93-1 Page 141 Tomsk-7 and Krasnoyarsk-26: Reactor characteristics: Similar to Hanford B-Reactor; Number of reactors operating: 2 at Tomsk-7 and 1 at Krasnoyarsk-26; Reactor power level: 2000 Mw (thermal) each; Average Capacity factor: 0.8 each reactor Fuel: natural U (99.289% U-238; 0.71 1% U-235); Fuel burnup: 500 Mwd/MT; Fuel irradiation period: 62.5 full power days; Spent fuel cooling period prior to reprocessing: 120 days; Spent fuel processed: 2336 MTHM at Tomsk-7; 1168 MTHM at Krasnoyarsk-26; Recovery: 99% of the uranium and plutonium: no neptunium; No capture of Krypton-85, Carbon-14, or tritium (it is all release up the stack at the chemical separation plant); Atmospheric releases of 1-1 31, Xe-131 m and Xe-133 were estimated from the Kr-85 release using the average release fractions for the Savannah River Site during the 8 year period 1971-1 978. Ibid; Based on "Report by the Commission for Investigation of Environmental Situation in Chelyabinsk Region." (Decree by the President of the USSR, #RP 1283,3 January 1991). Bukharin reports that in a June 27, 1991, Evgeniy Mikerin, then head of the Department of Isotope Separation, Reprocessing and Production Technology, MAPI, told him that 99.9 percent of the plutonium is recovered and americium and curium are also extracted for further utilization. Page 142 RussianJSovietNuclear Warhead Productionl NWD 93-1 Table 5 Non-radioactive Chemical Waste Constituents From Chemical separations1 Solvent Carbowlic Acids Trichloroethylene Docos-I 3en-oic acid ~ri-n-butylphosphate Hexanedioic acid n-Undecane Hexadecanoic acid n-Dodecane Phthalic acid n-Tridecane Nonanedioic acid n-Tetradecane Tetradecanoic acid n-Pentadecane Pentanedioic acid n-CzHM-nCMH70 Octadecanoic acid Kerosene Hydroxybutanedioic acid Carbon tetrachloride Butanedioic acid Butylbenzylphthalate Dicotylphthalate A1 kanes Unknown phthalates Volatile Solvents Phthalate Esters Acetone Methylene chloride Dibutylphthalate Chloroform Dioctylphthalate Chelating/complexina Aqents Citric acid N-(2-Hydro~ethyl)ethylenediaminetriaceticacid (HEDTA) Ethlyenediaminetetraacetic acid Methane Tricarboxylic acid Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) Chelator Fraaments Ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (ED3A) N-(2-Hydro~ethly)ethylenediamine-N'N9-diaceticacid (HEDDA) N-(ethylene)ethylenediaminetriaceticacid (E2DTA) N-(2-Hydro~ethyl)iminodiaceticacid (HEIDA) ~-(2-~~dro~eth~l)-~~-(meth~l)eth~lenediamine-~~,~~diaceticacid (MeHEDDA'A) N-(methy1)ethylenediamine-N,Nt-diaceticacid (MeEDDIA) lmnodiacetic acid (IDA) ' DOE, 'Final Environmental Impact Statement on Disposal of High-Level, Transuranic and Tank Wastes, Hanford Site,' DOE/EIS-O113, December 1987, p. A1 1. Russim/Soviet Nuclear Warhead Production, NWD 93-1 Page 143 Table 6 Occupational Radiation Exposures at Chelyabinsk-65(=40) (Distribution of Employees According to Their ~ose)' Installation A Installation B Percent of Employees Average Percent of Employees 25- 100- dose 25- 100- doses <25 I00 400 >400 (rem) c25 I00 400 >400 (rem) Percent of Employees Average Percent of Employees 10- 25- dose 10- 25- dose <I0 25 100 >I00 (rem) el0 25 I00 >I00 (rem) Percent of Employees Average Percent of Employees 2.5- dose . 2.5- dose e2.5 5.0 s5.0 (rem) e2.5 5.0 >5.0 (rem) ' bris V. Nikiplov, Andti F. Uzlov, and Nina A. Koshurnikova, "Experience with the first Soviet Nuclear InstalW~n,'~Primcia, Februaty 1990 (English translation by Alexander Shlyakhter). Page 144 Russhn/Soviet Nuclear Wwhead Production, NWD 93-1 Table 7a Population Centers Along the Techa ~iver' Population Distance Radiation Dose (rems) to those Center (km) Evacuated Remaining Metlino* 7 Techa-Brod* 18 Novo Asanovo* 27 Staro Asanovo* Nazarovo* N. Taskino* GP* Nadirovo* Nadirov* Most* Ibragirnovo* lsaevo* Ferma (Farm) # 2* Muslyumovo Kurmanovo* Karpino* Zamanila* Vetroduika* Brodokalmak Panovo* Osolodka* Cherepanovo* Russkaya Techa Baklanovo* Nizhnepetropavlovsk Lo banovo Anchugovo Verkhnyaya Techa Skiyagino Bugaevo Shutikhinskoye Pershinskoe Nyuchevskoye Zatechenskoye Dalmatovo * Population centers that were evacuated; only 21 (of 22 cited in the literature) could be identified on the chart. 'Lhtatkorn a photograph of a chart on the wail ai Mayak (ca.IWI]. Population centers are Identifled In the order of thdr distance from the discharge point Radiation doses for some vlllages could not b read from the photograph. t?ussian/Soviet Nuclear Warhead Production, NWD 93-1 Page 145 Table 7b Organ Dose Estimates (External and Internal) for Inhabitants in Some Villages Along the Techa ~iver' Distance Effective Mean doses, Rem from dose point of equiva- release, lent, red bone km rem marrow 1 bone 1-large 1 other 1 surfaces 1 intestine 1 tissues 11 Zatechenskoye * Villagers were evacuated. I G.1, Fbmanov, "Radi~o~icalCondiiJons Accounted for the 1Q57 and 1967 Accidents and ProdudonActlvks afthe Industrial Complex 'Mayak,' paper presented at the International Radiological Conbmce, Cheiyabinsk, Russia, 20-25 May I-, and M.M. Kossenko, M.O. DegWa, and M.A Mushovq ''Estirnab ofthe Risk of Leukemia to the hidents Exposed to R~~Iiationas a Result of a Nuclear Accldent in the Southern Urals; The PS8 f&swMy, Vol. 2, Numb: 4, December im, p. 192. Page 146 Russian/Sov;et Nuclear Warhead Production, NWD 93-1 Table 8 The Average Annual Sr-90 and Cs-I 37 Concentration in the Techa River at the Myslyumovo ~ettlernent.' Observation year Sr-90 content Cs-137 content (p Gill) (pCiIl) I 951 40,000 51 0,000 I 962 10,000 4,000 I 964 3,000 250 I 973 2,000 40 I 978 I,500 36 I 983 350 24 I 988 420 40 nRocedings of the Commission on Studing the Ecologi~alSituation in Chelyabinsk Oblast," (Ordered by Resident M. Gorbachev, Presidential Decree # RP-1283. 3 Januaiy 1991), ca. April, 1991, [translated into English], Vol. 11, p. 51 (of the English translatbn). Table 9 Radioactive contamination in the Chelyabinsk-65 ~eservoirs' Comoosition of Radionuclides I Accumulation, Ci Capacity Area of of the Reservoir the Res- Reservoir Concentration in Water, ci/I Ground Deposits, Number ervoir (sq (million Cilkg In the In kml cubic m) Reservoir Ground Overall Sr-90 Cs-137 HTO la IB Sr-90 Cs-137 Deposits 1.1 x1O4 4.5~1o4 2.5~1v7 ? - 1.3~10~ 3x10~ 2x10~ 18x10~ 20x10~ 1.6x104 ~.OXIO-~ 1.4x106 3x1 0'1Â - 1.4~10~ 1x10-~ 2.6x103 15.4x103 18x103 1.7x10-~ 1.3x104 5.2x10*? 4.5x1UQ - 4x10~ 6x1C5 1.7x103 4.2x103 6x1 03 3.7x10-~O 2x10'~' 1x10~ 3.9x10-~ - 3x10" 3.9~10"~ 2 300 300 1.7~1o4 12x1 0-2 53x1o-~ 57x1o-~ 1.9~10-2 0.3 1.4 8.4x106 110x10~ 120x10~ 35x1o-~ 8.6~10% 32x1Om7 1XI 0-'' - 3.5~10% 1.5~10" 50x103 6Ox1o3 110x10~ 5.1~10~ 2x1 0-' 43x1O4 2x1 0-12 - 1.3x104 1.3~10'~ 24x103 15x103 39x103 7x10-~ 4x10~ IXIO-~ 1.2~10-~ - 3.3x10-' 3.3~1~~45x10~ 2x1o6 2x1 (I6 "Proceedings of the Commission on Studing the EcologicalSituation in Chelyabinsk Oblast," (Ordered by President M. Gorbachev, Presidential Decree # RP-1283,3 January 1991), ca. April, 1991, [translated into English], Vol. I, p. 37 (of the English translation); B.V. Nikipelov, A.S. Nikiiorov, 0.L Kedrovsky, M.V.