A BASELINE SURVEY OF MINORITY CONCENTRATION DISTRICTS OF INDIA SITAMARHI (Bihar) Sponsored by: Ministry of Minority Affairs Government of India and Indian Council of Social Science Research INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT NIDM Building, 3rd Floor, IIPA Campus I.P Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi-110 002 Phones – 2335 8166, 2332 1610 / Fax: 23765410 Email: [email protected], website:ihdindia.org 2008 A BASELINE SURVEY OF MINORITY CONCENTRATION DISTRICTS OF INDIA SITAMARHI (Bihar) Sponsored by: Ministry of Minority Affairs Government of India and Indian Council of Social Science Research INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT NIDM Building, 3rd Floor, IIPA Campus I.P Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi-110 002 Phones – 2335 8166, 2332 1610 / Fax: 23765410 Email: [email protected], website: www.ihdindia.org RESEARCH TEAM Principal Researchers Alakh N. Sharma Ashok K. Pankaj Data Processing and Tabulation Balwant Singh Mehta Sunil Kumar Mishra Abhay Kumar Research Associates/Field Supervisors Ramashray Singh Ashwani Kumar Subodh Kumar M. Poornima Research Assistant P.K. Mishra Secretarial Assistance Shri Prakash Sharma Nidhi Sharma Sindhu Joshi SITAMARHI Principal Author of the Report N.K. Mishra Senior Visiting Fellow Institute for Human Development & Shashi Bhushan Singh Visiting Fellow Institute for Human Development CONTENTS Executive Summary...................................................................................................... i-v CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................1-7 Methodology...................................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER II: VILLAGE LEVEL DEFICITS .................................................................8-12 Education Facilities ........................................................................................................... 9 Health Infrastructure......................................................................................................... 9 Other Infrastructure facility Available ............................................................................. 11 CHAPTER III: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE POPULATION.............13-28 Demographic Features.................................................................................................... 13 Quality and Human Resource......................................................................................... 14 Assets Base households................................................................................................. 17 Employment and Income ................................................................................................ 19 Housing and Other Basic Amenities ............................................................................... 21 Health and Family Welfare.............................................................................................. 23 Indebtedness................................................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER IV: DELIVERY OF PUBLIC SERVICES/DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES.........................................................................................................29-31 Public Distribution System ............................................................................................. 29 Access, Utilisation and Quality of Public Health Service................................................. 29 Education ........................................................................................................................ 29 Awareness ...................................................................................................................... 29 Aspirations ...................................................................................................................... 31 CHAPTER V: KEY FINDINGS .................................................................................32-35 ANNEXURE – I: List of Sample Selected Villages in Sitamarhi District.............36-36 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Population and Its Composition, 2001 Table 1.2 Literacy ratio of Rural Sitamarhi District Table 1.3 Distribution of Workers (Main) by Sectors Table 1.3 Status of Schools Table 1.4 Banking and other Facilities Table 1.5: The Criteria for forming Hamlets Table 2.1 Schooling Table 2.2 Access to Education in Surveyed Villages Table 2.3 Health facilities Table 2.4 Access to Health Facility in Surveyed Villages Table 2.5 Percentage of Villages having Other Facilities Table 3.1 Demographic Features of Households Surveyed Table3.2: Age – Sex – Distribution Table 3.3 Current Educational Status of (5-16) children (%) Table 3.4 Reasons for Dropout Table 3.5 Educational Status of Household members (%) Table 3.6 Educational Levels of Youths (15-25 Years) Table 3.7 Government Assistance Table 3.8 Land Distribution Table 3.9 Average Land Category Table 3.10 Distribution of Land and other Assets Per Household Across Different Categories Table 3.11 Work Participation Table 3.12 Status of Employment Table 3.13 Occupational Status Table 3.14 Industry wise Employment Table 3.15 Average per Capita Income and Expenditure (in Rs.) Table 3.16 Item-wise per Capita Expenditure (in Rs.) Table 3.17 Housing Status of Household Table 3.18 Drinking Water, Toilets and Drainage Table 3.19 Institutional and Non-institutional Deliveries of Children (per cent) Table 3.20 Any type of Immunisation of Children below 5 Years (per cent) Table 3.21 Immunisation Agency (per cent) Table 3.22 Types of Diseases Prevalent in the Households (per cent) Table 3.23 Sources of Medical Treatment Table 3.24 Incidence and Sources of Indebtedness Table 3.25 Source of Loan Table 3.26 Main Purpose of Loans Table 3.27 The Trend in Migration (%) Table 3.28 Destination of Migration (%) Table 4.1 Public Distribution System Table 4.2 Difficulties regarding PDS Table 4.3 Types of Schools Attended Table 4.4 Availability of School at Distance Table 4.5 Awareness about Government Programmes/Schemes Table 4.6 Household’s Perception about Deprivation ACRONYMS Accredited Social Health Activist - ASHA Below Poverty Line - BPL Community Health Centres - CHCs Community Sanitary Complexes - CSCs Indira Awas Yojana – IAY Individual Household Latrines - IHL Mid Day Meal Scheme - MDMS National Rural Health Mission - NRHM Public Distribution System - PDS Public Health Centres - PHCs Probability Proportionate to Size - PPS Rajiv Gandhi Rural Electrification Mission - RGREM Rural Electrification Corporation - REC Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan - SSA Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana - SGSY Total Sanitation Campaign - TSC Work Participation Ratio - WPR EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DEVELOPMENT GAPS AND PRIORITIES FOR THE MULTI-SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF SITAMARHI DISTRICT OF BIHAR Background • The Ministry of Minority Affairs (GOI) has identified 90 minority concentrated backward districts using eight indicators of socio-economic development and amenities based on 2001 census data with the aim of improving these indicators to the all India level through a Multi-Sector Development Plan (MSDP) during the eleventh five year plan period. Since, it is expected that there would be changes in the indicators in the years since 2001, a baseline survey has been conducted to inform the multi-sectoral development plan with the latest deficits and priorities. District profile (2001 census) • Sitamarhi is primarily a rural district; 94 per cent of the total population lives in the rural areas. • There is a substantial concentration of minority (mainly Muslims) population. Against the state average of 16.2 per cent, Muslims constitutes 21.4 per cent of the total rural populations. Some of the important Muslim concentration sub-divisions are Nanpur (38.8 per cent), Pupri (36.6 per cent), Bajpatti (31.83 per cent) and Parihar (31.5 per cent). • The proportion of other minority groups -- Christian, Sikh, Budhist and Jains – is negligible. • The literacy rate is 36.71 percent, much below the state and national averages. The female literacy rate at 24.28 per cent is very low and means that only one out of four women is literate. The adverse situation faced by women is borne out by the abysmally low sex ratio of 892, which is lower than the state and the all India averages. • The overall work participation rate is 32.19 percent, which is lower than the state average. Agriculture labourers dominate the labour force (57.3 per cent of the total) --that is almost double of the national average. Household workers constitute only 3.3 per cent of rural workers. • Most of the villages lack some basic infrastructure: 92 percent are without any medical facilities; 12 percent of the villages lack formal facilities of education of any type; 63 percent villages are without electricity; and 57 percent of the villages are without all weather road connectivity. Survey findings (2008) In 2008 (survey findings), Sitamarhi lagged behind the all India average in eight out of ten indicators. The table below shows the gap between all India and district figures vis-à-vis ten indicators and prioritises the development intervention vis-à- vis eight indicators. The district figure is based on the survey findings (2008) and all India figures are of 2004-05 and 2005-06. The distance from the all India figures may be higher, as the all India data are a little dated. Development Gaps and Priorities for the Multi-sector Plan Sl. Indicators Sitamarhi All Development Development No. 2008 India