Podolia ‘barrow CULture’ COMMUNITIES: 4TH/3RD-2ND MILL. BC THE YAMPIL BARROW COMPLEX: INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES Maciej Chyleński Michał Dąbrowski Tomasz Goslar Kacper Jachimowicz Michał Jankowski Justyna Jasińska Anna Juras Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska Viktor I. Kloczko Aleksander Kośko Jerzy J. Langer Maria Lityńska-Zając Dorota Lorkiewicz-Muszyńska Arkadiusz Marciniak Adam Michalski Michał Podsiadło Mykhailo V. Potupchyk Marcin M. Przybyła Angelina Rosiak Andrzej Sikorski Julia Sobol Tomasz Stępnik Marzena Szmyt Piotr Włodarczak Yevheniya Y. Yanish Oleh Zhuravlov Danuta Żurkiewicz - O TIC P NT IES BAL IC STUD VOLUME 22 • 2017 BALTIC-PONTIC STUDIES 61-614 Poznań (Poland) Umultowska 89D Tel. 618291418 E-mail: [email protected] EDITOR Aleksander Kośko CO-EDITOR Marzena Szmyt EDITORIAL COMMITEE Sophia S. Berezanskaya (Kyiv), Lucyna Domańska (Łódź), Elena G. Kalechyts (Minsk), Viktor I. Klochko (Kyiv), Mykola N. Kryvaltsevich (Minsk), Roman Litvinenko (Donieck), Jan Machnik (Kraków), Przemysław Makarowicz (Poznań), Vitaliy V. Otroshchenko (Kyiv), Marzena Szmyt (Poznań), Petro Tolochko (Kyiv) SECRETARY OF VOLUME Danuta Żurkiewicz ADAM MICKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY, POZNAŃ INSTITUTE OF EASTERN STUDIES INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY Poznań 2017 ISSN 1231-0344 Podolia ‘barrow CULture’ COMMUNITIES: 4TH/3RD-2ND MILL. BC THE YAMPIL BARROW COMPLEX: INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES Maciej Chyleński Michał Dąbrowski Tomasz Goslar Kacper Jachimowicz Michał Jankowski Justyna Jasińska Anna Juras Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska Viktor I. Kloczko Aleksander Kośko Jerzy J. Langer Maria Lityńska-Zając Dorota Lorkiewicz-Muszyńska Arkadiusz Marciniak Adam Michalski Michał Podsiadło Mykhailo V. Potupchyk Marcin M. Przybyła Angelina Rosiak Andrzej Sikorski Julia Sobol Tomasz Stępnik Marzena Szmyt Piotr Włodarczak Yevheniya Y. Yanish Oleh Zhuravlov Danuta Żurkiewicz - O TIC P NT IES BAL IC STU D VOLUME 22 • 2017 © Copyright by BPS and Authors All rights reserved Reviewers: Lucyna Domańska Przemysław Makarowicz Cover Design: Eugeniusz Skorwider Linguistic consultation: Ryszard J. Reisner Piotr T. Żebrowski Editorial consultation: Karolina Harat Marcin Ławniczak Jakub Niebieszczański Rafał Skrzyniecki Printed in Poland Computer typeset by PSO Sp. z o.o. w Poznaniu Printing: TOTEM.COM.PL sp. z o.o. spółka komandytowa CONTENTS EDITOR’S FOREWORD ....................................................... 5 EDITORIAL COMMENT ....................................................... 6 PART 1 – ENVIRONMENTAL AND SPATIAL STRATEGIES OF CEREMONIAL PRACTICES ............................................................. 7 Kacper Jachimowicz, Danuta Żurkiewicz, SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF YAMPIL BARROW COMPLEX . 7 marcin m . Przybyła, michał Podsiadło, mykhailo V . Potupchyk, Piotr włodarczak, danuta Żurkiewicz, THE ENEOLITHIC RITUAL BARROW COMPLEX IN PRYDNISTRYANSKE, VINNYTSIA OBLAST: MAGNETOMETRIC SURVEYS . 30 PART 2 – dESCriPTiON OF buildErS aNd uSErS OF bARROWS FROM THE BIO-ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH . 41 Michał Jankowski, Michał dąbrowski, Justyna Jasińska, adam Michalski, THE YAMPIL BARROW COMPLEX: PRYDNISTRYANSKE 1 AND KLEMBIVKA 1 . PEDOLOGICAL-ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF LOCATION . 41 Maciej Chyleński, anna Juras, danuta Żurkiewicz, Michał Jankowski, Piotr włodarczak, PRESERVATION OF ANCIENT DNA IN HUMAN BONES FROM ENEOLITHIC AND BRONZE AGE KURGAN CEMETERES IN YAMPIL REGION, UKRAINE . 54 Dorota Lorkiewicz-muszyńska, Julia Sobol, Jerzy J . langer, Aleksander Kośko, Piotr włodarczak, danuta Żurkiewicz, Mykhailo V . Potupchyk, RITUAL POSITION AND “TATTOOING” TECHNIQUES IN THE FUNERAL PRACTICES OF THE “BARROW CULTURES” OF THE PONTIC-CASPIAN STEPPE/FOREST STEPPE AREA . POROHY 3A, YAMPIL REGION, VINNYTSIA OBLAST: SPECIALIST ANALYSIS RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES . 64 Tomasz Goslar, Michał Jankowski, Aleksander Kośko, Maria lityńska-zając, Piotr włodarczak, danuta Żurkiewicz, BUILDERS AND USERS OF RITUAL CENTRES, YAMPIL BARROW COMPLEX: STUDIES OF DIET BASED ON STABLE CARBON AND NITROGEN ISOTOPE COMPOSITION . 91 Tomasz Stępnik, marzena Szmyt, danuta Żurkiewicz, USE OF WOOD IN YAMPIL BARROW COMPLEX FUNERARY RITUALS IV-II MILL . BC . 126 Joanna Kałużna – Czaplińska, angelina Rosiak, Andrzej Sikorski, Danuta Żurkiewicz, BARROW CULTURE TEXTILES AND MATS IN THE MIDDLE DNIESTER AREA . 166 Arkadiusz Marciniak, Yevheniya Y. Yanish, Oleh Zhuravlov, Aleksander Kośko, Piotr włodarczak, danuta Żurkiewicz, STATUS OF ANIMALS IN FUNERARY RITUALS OF FOUNDERS AND USERS OF CEREMONIAL CENTRES OF THE YAMPIL BARROW CEMETERY COmPlEx(4Th/3rd-2Nd millENNium bC) . A ZOOARCHAEOLOGICal PErSPECTiVE . 191 Viktor i . Kloczko, YAMNAYA CULTURE HOARD OF METAL OBJECTS, IVANIVKA, LOWER MURAFA: AUTOGENESIS OF ‘DNIESTER COPPER/BRONZE METALLURGY’ . .226 PART 3 – KurGAN RITES . 246 Piotr włodarczak, KURGAN RITES IN THE ENEOLITHIC AND EARLY BRONZE AGE PODOLIA IN LIGHT OF MATERIALS FROM THE FUNERARY- CEREMONIAL CENTRE AT YAMPIL . 246 List of Authors . 284 Editor’s Foreword The present volume of Baltic-Pontic Studies continues the program of presenta- tion of the results of studies on the Middle Dniester cultural contact area of com- munities originating from the Pontic and Baltic drainage basins in the 4th/3rd – 2nd millennium BC. It is focused mainly on the issues of the Polish – Ukrainian research project whose aim was to explore the Yampil Barrow Cemetery Complex located in the southern portion of the Middle Dniester Area (Vinnitsa Oblast)*. A common feature of the vast majority of the presented articles is their inter- disciplinary character. They can be included in three thematic blocks of analysis: environmental and spatial aspect of ceremonial practices; the image of builders and users of barrows, described from the position of natural science research methods and the view of the “Podolia” ritual and funeral activities. The twenty-second volume of the BPS contains another part of the achievements of the project “Podolia as a Cultural Contact Area in the 4th/3rd-2nd millennium bC”, implemented as part of the National Program for the Development of Humanities (No . 108 / NPh3 / h12 / 82 / 2014), documenting a new stage in the process of ex- panding – including and internationalization – the area of his cognitive inspiration . The papers in this volume were peer reviewed by Professors lucyna domańska and Przemysław Makarowicz . * For a broader discussion see: a . Kośko, m . Potupczyk, S . razumow (Eds) „3rd Mil. and first half of 2nd Mil. BC Dniester Tumuli Cemetery Complexes tied to Yampil Region Commmunities, Winnica Province: Research on North-West Border ‘Early Bronze Age Pontic’ culture Settlements” .Archaeologia Bimaris – Monografie6, Poznań 2014 and a . Kośko (Ed .) Podolia as a Cultural Contact Area in the 4th/3rd-2nd Millenium BC, Baltic-Pontic Stu- dies Vol . 20, 2015 . Editorial comment 1. All dates in the BPS are calibrated [BC; see: Radiocarbon vol. 28, 1986, and the next volumes]. Deviations from this rule will be point out in notes [bc]. 2. The names of the archaelogical cultures and sites are standarized to the English literature on the subject (e.g. M. Gimbutas, J .P . Mallory) . in the case of a new term, the author’s original name has been retained . 3 . The spelling of names of localities having the rank of administrative cen- tres follows official, state, English language cartographic publications (e .g . Ukraine, scale 1 : 2 000 000, Kyiv: Mapa LTD, edition of 1996; Rès- publika BELARUS’, REVIEW-TOPOGRAPHIC MAP, scale 1:1 000 000, Minsk: BYELORUSSIAN CARTOGRAPHIC AND GEODETIC ENTER- PRISE, edition 1993) . Baltic-Pontic Studies vol. 22: 2017, 7-29 ISSN 1231-0344 DOI 10.1515/bps-2017-0018 Kacper Jachimowicz*, Danuta Żurkiewicz** SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF YAMPIL BARROW COMPLEX ABSTRACT The Yampil Region represents a concentration of densely populated barrow cemeteries . Some 156 mounds figure in the available carto- graphic studies, which are the basis of spatial analysis presented be- low . The aforementioned therefore shall involve an examination of parameters for the localisation of tumuli in respect to altitude, terrain surface incline, direction of exposition and distance from waterways and watershed ridges as well as an analysis of visibility for selected sites, which shall describe preferences in respect to the chosen place of construction . Key words: spatial analysis, Dniester, Eneolithic, Bronze Age INTRODUCTION The Yampil Region lies on the southern edge of the Podolia Upland, in the drainage basin of the Middle Dniester (Fig . 1) . The loess substrata here represents * k .jachimowicz89@gmail .com ** Department of Prehistory of Central and Eastern Europe, Institute of Archaeology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89D, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; danuta@amu .edu .pl 8 F i g . 1 . Location of research area: 1 – yampil Region border; 2 – yampil the major scale of studies in this area, which to a significant degree impact on the landscape profile . in the general geomorphological context, the Yampil Region can be said to be in the category of flat and undulating planes of an alluvial and delluvi- al origin . in respect to climate and flora the subject of study lies in the forest steppe belt – a transitory area between the forest zone and the steppe . The native flora that is characteristic for this terrain is one of oak forests, meadow and stipa grass steppes [Makohonienko, Hildebrandt-Radke 2014; Kusiński, zastawnyj 2003] . The modern-day landscape of the area under study, combining the traits form- ing the terrain and its flora, allows for the reading of its particular properties . From the moderate rises of the